Thesis APROVECHAMIENTO Y VALORIZACIÓN DE RESIDUOS DE CENTRALES TÉRMICAS DE CARBÓN
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Date
2015-05
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Program
DEPARTAMENTO DE INGENIERÍA MECÁNICA. INGENIERÍA CIVIL MECÁNICA
Campus
Casa Central Valparaíso
Abstract
Este estudio tiene por objeto el uso de los principales residuos industriales de las plantas
termoeléctricas a carbón para aplicaciones medioambientales aplicadas a la industria. Se
estudió el uso de cenizas volantes de carbón (CFA) como agente adsorbente y absorbente
para el proceso de desulfuración (remoción SO2) en un reactor de lecho fijo (FBR).
Los productos sobrantes del proceso de desulfuración son propuestos como agentes
fertilizantes y/o de enmienda de terrenos para aplicaciones agrícolas. Se han encontrado
aplicaciones sobresalientes para su uso en la agricultura.
Además, se estudió el uso de CFA como materia prima para la síntesis de zeolitas en conjunto
con la propuesta de una planta de síntesis experimental de tal manera de apreciar el alcance
de este tipo de compuestos.
El proceso de desulfuración de gases de combustión (FGD) se modeló en primera instancia
para un proceso de adsorción mediante un modelo simplificado 1D en el software comercial
MATHLAB™. La literatura existente sugiere que las eficiencias con este tipo de sorbentes
son muy bajas y con casi nulas aplicaciones industriales, por lo que el proyecto fue redirigido
a la utilización de CFA en un proceso de absorción. A pesar de lo anterior, el estudio se deja
como precedente académico.
El proceso de absorción se simuló mediante el uso de un modelo cinético preexistente. La
simulación numérica fue desarrollada en el software ANSYS FLUENT™ con el uso de
Dinámica de Fluidos Computacional (CFD).
Los modelos matemáticos fueron formulados para el proceso de absorción y para el cálculo
de las variables de entrada. Se utilizó un absorbente preparado de CFA cubierto con óxido
de calcio (CaO). En general, se encontró que la capacidad de desulfuración aumenta a
mayores temperaturas mostrando una eficiencia máxima de desulfuración de un 52%. Lo
anterior se considera una tasa de desulfuración decente tomando en cuenta el uso de desechos
industriales.
This study seeks the use of coal-fired power plants main industrial waste for environmental applications applied to industry. The use of coal fly ash (CFA) as adsorbing and absorbing agent for desulphurization process (SO2 removal) in a fixed bed reactor (FBR) was studied. The leftover products from the desulfurization process is proposed as a fertilizer agent and/or amendment of land for agricultural applications. Outstanding applications in agriculture were found. Moreover, the use of CFA as raw materials for zeolite synthesis was studied in conjunction with an experimental synthesis plant appreciating the extent of this type of compounds. The flue gas desulphurization (FGD) process was first modeled for adsorption in a 1D MATHLAB™ simplified simulation. The existing literature suggest that efficiencies with this type of sorbents are very low and with almost none industrial application, so the project was redirected to the use of CFA in an absorption process. Despite the foregoing, the study is left as academic precedent. The absorption process was modeled using a pre-existing kinetic model. A computer simulation is developed in ANSYS FLUENT™ with the use of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). Mathematical models are formulated for absorption process and for calculating the input variables. A prepared absorbent from CFA covered with calcium oxide (CaO) was used. In general, the desulphurization capacity was found to increase at higher temperatures with a maximum 52% desulphurization efficiency. This are considered a decent desulfurization rate taking into account the use of industrial waste products.
This study seeks the use of coal-fired power plants main industrial waste for environmental applications applied to industry. The use of coal fly ash (CFA) as adsorbing and absorbing agent for desulphurization process (SO2 removal) in a fixed bed reactor (FBR) was studied. The leftover products from the desulfurization process is proposed as a fertilizer agent and/or amendment of land for agricultural applications. Outstanding applications in agriculture were found. Moreover, the use of CFA as raw materials for zeolite synthesis was studied in conjunction with an experimental synthesis plant appreciating the extent of this type of compounds. The flue gas desulphurization (FGD) process was first modeled for adsorption in a 1D MATHLAB™ simplified simulation. The existing literature suggest that efficiencies with this type of sorbents are very low and with almost none industrial application, so the project was redirected to the use of CFA in an absorption process. Despite the foregoing, the study is left as academic precedent. The absorption process was modeled using a pre-existing kinetic model. A computer simulation is developed in ANSYS FLUENT™ with the use of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). Mathematical models are formulated for absorption process and for calculating the input variables. A prepared absorbent from CFA covered with calcium oxide (CaO) was used. In general, the desulphurization capacity was found to increase at higher temperatures with a maximum 52% desulphurization efficiency. This are considered a decent desulfurization rate taking into account the use of industrial waste products.
Description
Keywords
RESIDUOS INDUSTRIALES