Thesis Implementación de un espacio aéreo UAS para el territorio nacional: estudio comparado de normativa aeronáutica
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Date
2025-07
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Program
Ingeniería en Aviación Comercial
Departament
Campus
Campus Santiago Vitacura
Abstract
La presente memoria tiene como objetivo proponer las bases normativas para la implementación de un espacio aéreo de aeronaves no tripuladas en Chile, a partir del estudio comparativo de normativas aeronáuticas nacionales y extranjeras, en particular de Colombia, Estados Unidos y la Unión Europea. El análisis se centró en la evaluación estructurada de 188 requerimientos normativos clasificados en cuatro categorías principales: Piloto, Aeronave, Operación y Administrativas, divididas a su vez en 23 subcategorías en total. Para ello, se utilizó una escala de evaluación semi-cualitativa de 1 a 4, que permitió evaluar el grado de cumplimiento de cada país respecto de los estándares internacionales. Los resultados indican que Chile presenta el promedio general más bajo (2,13), en contraste con Estados Unidos (3,79), Colombia (3,68) y la Unión Europea (3,61). Las brechas más significativas identificadas en la regulación de pilotos se evidencian en materias como la ausencia de exigencias diferenciadas según tipo de operación a realizar, y falta de requisitos de capacitación y actualización de conocimientos. Respecto del control normativo sobre las aeronaves, Chile carece de clasificaciones detalladas según el peso o demás características técnicas de las mismas. Asimismo, la normativa actual no aborda con precisión los requisitos operacionales de vuelo que garanticen un nivel de seguridad acorde con lo planteado por los demás países. A nivel administrativo, no se establecen lineamientos para los comercializadores de aeronaves no tripuladas, y junto con la falta de una infraestructura digital especializada en estas últimas la capacidad de fiscalización e inspección por parte de la autoridad se ve limitada. A partir de estas brechas, se diseñó un plan de acción compuesto por 8 etapas, agrupando un total de 23 acciones específicas, definidas en base a la metodología “5W+H”. En esta línea, se definieron responsables institucionales, objetivos operativos y se proponen 17 indicadores distintos, aplicables a las acciones y que permiten monitorear su avance. (...)
This study aims to propose the regulatory foundations for the implementation of unmanned aircraft system (UAS) airspace in Chile, based on a comparative study of national and foreign aeronautical regulations, particularly those of Colombia, the United States, and the European Union. The analysis focused on the structured evaluation of 188 regulatory requirements classified into four main categories: Pilot, Aircraft, Operation, and Administrative, which were in turn divided into a total of twenty-three subcategories. A semi-qualitative evaluation scale from 1 to 4 was used to assess the level of compliance of each country with international standards. The results indicate that Chile has the lowest overall average (2.13), in contrast to the United States (3.79), Colombia (3.78), and the European Union (3.61). The most significant gaps identified in pilot regulation are evident in areas such as the absence of differentiated requirements depending on the type of operation to be conducted, and the lack of training and knowledge update requirements. Regarding regulatory control over aircraft, Chile lacks detailed classifications according to weight or other technical characteristics. Furthermore, the current regulations do not clearly address the operational flight requirements that would ensure a safety level consistent with that of the other countries studied. At the administrative level, no guidelines are established for UAS distributors, and together with the lack of a specialized digital infrastructure, the authority’s capacity for oversight and inspection is limited. Based on these gaps, an action plan was designed, consisting of 8 stages and comprising a total of twenty-three specific actions, defined using the “5W+H” methodology. In this framework, institutional responsibilities and operational objectives were defined, and seventeen distinct indicators were proposed to monitor the progress of these actions.(...)
This study aims to propose the regulatory foundations for the implementation of unmanned aircraft system (UAS) airspace in Chile, based on a comparative study of national and foreign aeronautical regulations, particularly those of Colombia, the United States, and the European Union. The analysis focused on the structured evaluation of 188 regulatory requirements classified into four main categories: Pilot, Aircraft, Operation, and Administrative, which were in turn divided into a total of twenty-three subcategories. A semi-qualitative evaluation scale from 1 to 4 was used to assess the level of compliance of each country with international standards. The results indicate that Chile has the lowest overall average (2.13), in contrast to the United States (3.79), Colombia (3.78), and the European Union (3.61). The most significant gaps identified in pilot regulation are evident in areas such as the absence of differentiated requirements depending on the type of operation to be conducted, and the lack of training and knowledge update requirements. Regarding regulatory control over aircraft, Chile lacks detailed classifications according to weight or other technical characteristics. Furthermore, the current regulations do not clearly address the operational flight requirements that would ensure a safety level consistent with that of the other countries studied. At the administrative level, no guidelines are established for UAS distributors, and together with the lack of a specialized digital infrastructure, the authority’s capacity for oversight and inspection is limited. Based on these gaps, an action plan was designed, consisting of 8 stages and comprising a total of twenty-three specific actions, defined using the “5W+H” methodology. In this framework, institutional responsibilities and operational objectives were defined, and seventeen distinct indicators were proposed to monitor the progress of these actions.(...)
Description
Keywords
Drones, Espacio aéreo no tripulado, Normativa aeronáutica, Sistemas de aeronaves no tripuladas, Regulación basada en el riesgo, Unmanned airspace, Aeronautical regulation, Unmanned aircraft systems, Risk-based regulation