Thesis OPORTUNIDADES Y BARRERAS DE SISTEMAS BESS EN CENTRALES TÉRMICAS PARA EL NEGOCIO DE CONTROL RÁPIDO DE FRECUENCIA EN CHILE
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Date
2018
Authors
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UNIVERSIDAD TÉCNICA FEDERICO SANTA MARÍA UTFSM. DEPARTAMENTO DE INGENIERÍA MECÁNICA. MAGÍSTER EN ECONOMÍA ENERGÉTICA
Campus
Campus Vitacura, Santiago
Abstract
La alta incorporación de fuentes renovables para la generación eléctrica en Chile, sumado a su adoptado modelo de despacho, no sólo han traído beneficios de tener una matriz energética diversificada, sustentable y con menores precios sistémicos de energía, sino que también han provocado un desmedro en la confiabilidad del sistema eléctrico, además de generar un problema operacional y comercial en plantas térmicas que aún son consideradas parte importante en la producción de energía eléctrica a nivel nacional.
En el marco de la confiabilidad de los sistemas eléctricos, se encuentra principalmente la característica de seguridad, que es la capacidad de respuesta de un sistema eléctrico, o parte de él, para soportar contingencias y minimizar la pérdida de consumos a través de respaldos y de servicios complementarios. Uno de estos servicios reconocidos en la actual regulación chilena corresponde al control de frecuencia, dividido en controles primario (CPF) y secundario (CSF), los que hasta la fecha son realizados principalmente por las unidades generadoras a través de capacidad física disponible destinada a reserva en giro determinada por el Coordinador Eléctrico Nacional.
Debido a la incorporación de nuevas tecnologías al mercado como son los sistemas de almacenamiento de energía mediante baterías (BESS), es que en la actualidad se está estudiando el reconocimiento dentro del negocio de los servicios complementarios a una regulación de frecuencia menor a un segundo denominada Control Rápido de Frecuencia (CRF).
Con la ley 20.936 de 2016 al introducir los sistemas de almacenamiento en la Ley General de Servicios Eléctricos, se tiene la base regulatoria de una tecnología capaz de realizar regulaciones casi instantáneas de frecuencia. Por lo tanto, se estima conveniente analizar las oportunidades y barreras que tienen los sistemas BESS en centrales térmicas para este nuevo negocio, así entregar una alternativa adicional de rentabilidad para los propietarios de estas instalaciones.
The high incorporation of renewable sources for electricity generation in Chile, coupled with its adopted dispatch model, have not only brought benefits of having a diversified, sustainable energy matrix with lower operating energy prices, but have also caused a decline in reliability of the electrical system, in addition of generating an operational and commercial problem in thermal power plants that are still considered an important part in the production of electric power at The National Grid. In reliability of electrical systems, safety is the response capacity of an electrical system, or part of it, to support contingencies and minimize failures, through backups and of balancing services. One of these services recognized in the current Chilean regulation is frequency response, divided into primary (PFR) and secondary (SFR); up to now, these are mainly performed by power plants through their spinning reserve determined by the Coordinador Eléctrico Nacional (TSO). However, with the incorporation of new technologies to the market, such as Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS), it is currently studying the recognition within the business of ancillary services of frequency a response less than a second called Enhanced Frequency Response (EFR). Introducing the storage systems in the main law in Chile by the law 20.936 in 2016, there is a regulatory basis for a technology capable of making almost instantaneous frequency responses. Therefore, it is considered appropriate to analyze the opportunities and barriers that BESS systems have in thermal power plants for this new business, thus providing additional earning alternatives for the owners of these facilities.
The high incorporation of renewable sources for electricity generation in Chile, coupled with its adopted dispatch model, have not only brought benefits of having a diversified, sustainable energy matrix with lower operating energy prices, but have also caused a decline in reliability of the electrical system, in addition of generating an operational and commercial problem in thermal power plants that are still considered an important part in the production of electric power at The National Grid. In reliability of electrical systems, safety is the response capacity of an electrical system, or part of it, to support contingencies and minimize failures, through backups and of balancing services. One of these services recognized in the current Chilean regulation is frequency response, divided into primary (PFR) and secondary (SFR); up to now, these are mainly performed by power plants through their spinning reserve determined by the Coordinador Eléctrico Nacional (TSO). However, with the incorporation of new technologies to the market, such as Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS), it is currently studying the recognition within the business of ancillary services of frequency a response less than a second called Enhanced Frequency Response (EFR). Introducing the storage systems in the main law in Chile by the law 20.936 in 2016, there is a regulatory basis for a technology capable of making almost instantaneous frequency responses. Therefore, it is considered appropriate to analyze the opportunities and barriers that BESS systems have in thermal power plants for this new business, thus providing additional earning alternatives for the owners of these facilities.
Description
Keywords
SISTEMAS BESS, CONTROL DE FRECUENCIA, SERVICIOS COMPLEMENTARIOS