Thesis EQUIVALENCIA ENTRE LOS ENSAYOS DE FLEXIÓN PROPUESTOS EN LAS NORMAS EN 14651 Y EN 14488-3 PARA HORMIGONES REFORZADOS CON FIBRAS
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Date
2017
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Program
CONSTRUCCIÓN CIVIL
Campus
Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María UTFSM. Casa Central Valparaíso
Abstract
La incorporación de fibras, como material en la confección de hormigones, ha venido revolucionando el mercado; disminuye costos operativos y mejora las propiedades mecánicas, siendo su principal característica, la capacidad de absorción de energía en comparación a hormigones convencionales.En el inicio, el uso de fibras en el hormigón proyectado (shotcrete) era nulo, debido a las limitaciones tecnológicas. En la década de los 60’s el uso del shotcrete, se limitaba principalmente a centrales hidroeléctricas. Actualmente, se utiliza principalmente como método en la fortificación de túneles. Gracias al desarrollo de la tecnología, la incorporación de las fibras en el hormigón proyectado está en aumento. Debido a esto, la falta de regulación a nivel nacional, con respecto al uso y diseño del shotcrete, es un tema de gran relevancia. Existen diversas procedencias de códigos de diseños, como por ejemplo, desde Estados Unidos, Europa, entre otros, así como proyectistas que prefieren un código por sobre otro para la realización del diseño del shotcrete.El tema principal de la presente memoria, es lograr establecer una equivalencia empírica de resistencias residuales, determinadas a partir de ensayos propuestos en la norma Europea EN 14651 y recomendación EFNARC de 1996, posteriormente normalizada en la norma EN 14488-3.Para tal objetivo, se procede a confeccionar probetas de hormigón, las que se rigen de acuerdo a las normas señaladas anteriormente, utilizando tanto fibras metálicas como sintéticas. Luego, ensayadas bajo las mismas normas. Se utilizaran los métodos descritos en cada una de ellas, determinando las resistencias residuales de cada una de las probetas de hormigón ensayadas. Además, para la obtención de una equivalencia empírica entre los ensayos, se determinan las resistencias residuales de cada una de las probetas de hormigón con un método que se incorpora, dentro de las ecuaciones, el avance de la grieta, situación que no es contemplada en las normas mencionadas. Logrando finalmente relacionar las resistencias residuales de acuerdo a las distintas normas, mediante el promedio del cuociente entre estas.
The incorporation of fibers, as material in the confection of concrete, has been revolutionizing the market; decreases operating costs and improves mechanical properties, its main characteristic being the energy absorption capacity compared to conventional concrete.In the beginning, the use of fibers in the shotcrete was null, due to the technological limitations. In the 60's the use of shotcrete was mainly limited to hydroelectric power plants. Currently, it is mainly used as a method in tunnel fortification. Thanks to the development of the technology, the incorporation of the fibers in the shotcrete is increasing. Due to this, the lack of regulation at the national level, regarding the use and design of the shotcrete, is a subject of great relevance. There are various sources of design codes, such as from the United States, Europe, among others, as well as designers who prefer one code over another for the realization of the shotcrete design.The main theme of this report is to establish an empirical equivalence of residual resistances, determined from tests proposed in the European standard EN 14651 and EFNARC recommendation of 1996, later normalized in standard EN 14488-3.For this purpose, we proceed to make concrete specimens, which are according to the standards indicated above, using both metallic and synthetic fibers. Then, tested under the same rules. The methods described in each of them will be used, determining the residual strengths of each of the concrete specimens tested. In addition, to obtain an empirical equivalence between the tests, the residual strengths of each of the concrete specimens are determined with a method that incorporates, within the equations, the progress of the crack, a situation that is not included in the standards mentioned. Finally managing to relate the residual resistances according to the different standards, by means of the average of the quotient between them.
The incorporation of fibers, as material in the confection of concrete, has been revolutionizing the market; decreases operating costs and improves mechanical properties, its main characteristic being the energy absorption capacity compared to conventional concrete.In the beginning, the use of fibers in the shotcrete was null, due to the technological limitations. In the 60's the use of shotcrete was mainly limited to hydroelectric power plants. Currently, it is mainly used as a method in tunnel fortification. Thanks to the development of the technology, the incorporation of the fibers in the shotcrete is increasing. Due to this, the lack of regulation at the national level, regarding the use and design of the shotcrete, is a subject of great relevance. There are various sources of design codes, such as from the United States, Europe, among others, as well as designers who prefer one code over another for the realization of the shotcrete design.The main theme of this report is to establish an empirical equivalence of residual resistances, determined from tests proposed in the European standard EN 14651 and EFNARC recommendation of 1996, later normalized in standard EN 14488-3.For this purpose, we proceed to make concrete specimens, which are according to the standards indicated above, using both metallic and synthetic fibers. Then, tested under the same rules. The methods described in each of them will be used, determining the residual strengths of each of the concrete specimens tested. In addition, to obtain an empirical equivalence between the tests, the residual strengths of each of the concrete specimens are determined with a method that incorporates, within the equations, the progress of the crack, a situation that is not included in the standards mentioned. Finally managing to relate the residual resistances according to the different standards, by means of the average of the quotient between them.
Description
Catalogado desde la version PDF de la tesis.
Keywords
EFNARC, EN 14488-3, ENSAYOS, FIBRAS METALICAS, FIBRAS SINTETICAS, HORMIGON PROYECTADO, NORMA EUROPEA EN 14651