Thesis Diseño de un balanced scorecard para la gerencia de Service Support Management de IBM
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Date
2015-09
Authors
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Program
Ingeniería Civil Industrial
Departament
Campus
Campus Santiago Vitacura
Abstract
La gerencia de Service Support Management de IBM de Chile S.A.C. establece contratos con sus clientes basados en Niveles de Servicio, si no son cumplidos, se generan multas para la organización, es decir, es un área que representa costos si es que no se aplica una buena gestión. Al no existir actualmente un control exhaustivo y una gestión sobre las diferentes cuentas del área, sumado a la falta de planificación estratégica, la siguiente memoria presenta un modelo de control de gestión, basado en el Balanced Scorecard. En un comienzo se realiza un estudio del entorno externo, donde se analiza la industria de la informática dividida en Software, Hardware y Servicios, para luego realizar un análisis PEST (político, económico, social y tecnológico) y Porter, de donde se desprende que los principales factores que afectan la organización son los económicos y tecnológicos, y que la principal fuerza es la de la rivalidad entre competidores, sumada a las altas barreras de entrada, lo que da como resultado que el atractivo de la industria sea de un nivel medio. A continuación se realiza un análisis del entorno interno, primero un estudio de recursos, donde destaca la importancia de los recursos humanos en la empresa, seguido de un análisis VRIO (valor, rareza, inimitabilidad y organización), del cual se desprenden como ventajas competitivas sustentables, la capacidad de reinventarse de IBM, su característica de empresa global y su tecnología. Finalmente, se estudia la cadena de valor, la cual demuestra la relación directa con el modelo de negocio de IBM, que consiste en el cliente primero (Client First). Se realiza un análisis FODA (fortalezas, oportunidades, debilidades y amenazas) que permite conocer las principales fortalezas con las que cuenta la empresa para hacer frente a las amenazas y aprovechar las oportunidades del entorno externo, así como sus principales debilidades que deben ser atendidas mediante diversos planes de acción. Además se estudian la misión y visión de IBM, así como su estrategia, para poder comprender la propuesta de valor que ofrece a sus clientes. Con todo lo anterior es posible plasmar las principales definiciones estratégicas del área de Service Support Management, que se encuentran en línea con la estrategia general de IBM y permita así la formulación del plan estratégico concreto, para el desarrollo de la herramienta de control de gestión. Se comienza el diseño del Balanced Scorecard, con la definición de 16 objetivos estratégicos vinculados entre ellos mediante una relación de causa – efecto, para las cuatro perspectivas de la herramienta, plasmados en un mapa estratégico, que señala cómo la perspectiva de los clientes y la satisfacción de éstos es el objetivo culmine del área. A continuación se definen 54 indicadores, cuantificables, objetivos, y alcanzables, diseñados para medir los objetivos antes planteados y que están reseñados en el modelo de Balanced Scorecard presentado. Se planifica el tiempo de implementación alrededor de tres meses, con un costo hundido en programación y diseño de software y hardware de $8.000.000 aproximadamente, con una mantención anual desde el segundo año de alrededor de $2.000.000. El costo asociado a la dedicación de las personas asciende a $3.855.000.- Se recomienda finalmente, la participación activa en la formulación y revisión de los planes estratégicos, especialmente del gerente de Service Support Management y de los empleados; con una actualización constante del Balanced Scorecard y una adecuada y estudiada selección previa de indicadores, haciendo hincapié en la importancia de la planificación estratégica para el éxito del área, y por consiguiente de la empresa.
The Service Support Management area of IBM Chile establishes contracts with its customers based on service levels. If these are not met, fines are generated for the organization, i.e., losses that represents costs if proper management isn’t applied. Given the current absence of a comprehensive management control system for the different accounts, coupled with the lack of strategic planning, herein a model of management control is presented, based on the Balanced Scorecard methodology. Firstly a study of the external environment is carried out. In this study, the IT industry is analyzed based on Software, Hardware and Services, and then a PEST (political, economic, social and technological) and Porter analysis are done, where it appears that the main factors affecting the organization are economic and technological, and the main force is the rivalry between competitors, coupled with high entry barriers, which results in medium level of the industry’s attractiveness. An analysis of the internal environment is then performed, firstly with a resources study, which highlights the importance of human resources in the company, followed by a VRIO (value, rarity, imitability and organization) analysis, from which emerge as sustainable competitive advantages IBM’s reinvention ability, its characteristic as a global business and its technology. Finally the company’s value chain is studied, which demonstrates the direct relationship with IBM business model, which is the client first. A SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats) analysis is made next in order to find the main strengths the company has, the threats which the company has to deal with and environmental opportunities, along with the company’s main weaknesses, which must be addressed through varied action plans. Then the mission, vision and the strategy of IBM are studied in order to understand the value proposition it offers to its customers. With all this it is possible to capture the main strategic definitions of Service Support Management, which are lined up with the overall strategy of IBM that allows the formulation of a specific strategic plan for the development of management control tools. The Balanced Scorecard design presented starts with the definition of 16 strategic objectives which are interconnected by a cause - effect relationships and linked to the four perspectives of the Balanced Scorecard. Next a strategic map is elaborated, which outlines how the customers’ perspectives and their satisfaction are the definite goal of the Service Support Management area. Then 54 indicators that are especially designed to support these objectives are defined, in order to measure the performance management that is responsible for achieving these strategic objectives. The implementation time is planned to be of around 3 months, with a sunk cost of programming, and software and hardware design of approximately $8.000.000, with an annual maintenance cost from the second year on of approximately $2.000.000. The cost associated to the dedication of people amounts to $3.855.000. Finally, an active participation in the formulation and revision of strategic plans is recommended, especially from the manager of Service Support Management and the employees, with constant updating of the Balanced Scorecard and an adequate and studied pre-selection of indicators, emphasizing the importance of strategic planning for success in the area, and therefore the company.
The Service Support Management area of IBM Chile establishes contracts with its customers based on service levels. If these are not met, fines are generated for the organization, i.e., losses that represents costs if proper management isn’t applied. Given the current absence of a comprehensive management control system for the different accounts, coupled with the lack of strategic planning, herein a model of management control is presented, based on the Balanced Scorecard methodology. Firstly a study of the external environment is carried out. In this study, the IT industry is analyzed based on Software, Hardware and Services, and then a PEST (political, economic, social and technological) and Porter analysis are done, where it appears that the main factors affecting the organization are economic and technological, and the main force is the rivalry between competitors, coupled with high entry barriers, which results in medium level of the industry’s attractiveness. An analysis of the internal environment is then performed, firstly with a resources study, which highlights the importance of human resources in the company, followed by a VRIO (value, rarity, imitability and organization) analysis, from which emerge as sustainable competitive advantages IBM’s reinvention ability, its characteristic as a global business and its technology. Finally the company’s value chain is studied, which demonstrates the direct relationship with IBM business model, which is the client first. A SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats) analysis is made next in order to find the main strengths the company has, the threats which the company has to deal with and environmental opportunities, along with the company’s main weaknesses, which must be addressed through varied action plans. Then the mission, vision and the strategy of IBM are studied in order to understand the value proposition it offers to its customers. With all this it is possible to capture the main strategic definitions of Service Support Management, which are lined up with the overall strategy of IBM that allows the formulation of a specific strategic plan for the development of management control tools. The Balanced Scorecard design presented starts with the definition of 16 strategic objectives which are interconnected by a cause - effect relationships and linked to the four perspectives of the Balanced Scorecard. Next a strategic map is elaborated, which outlines how the customers’ perspectives and their satisfaction are the definite goal of the Service Support Management area. Then 54 indicators that are especially designed to support these objectives are defined, in order to measure the performance management that is responsible for achieving these strategic objectives. The implementation time is planned to be of around 3 months, with a sunk cost of programming, and software and hardware design of approximately $8.000.000, with an annual maintenance cost from the second year on of approximately $2.000.000. The cost associated to the dedication of people amounts to $3.855.000. Finally, an active participation in the formulation and revision of strategic plans is recommended, especially from the manager of Service Support Management and the employees, with constant updating of the Balanced Scorecard and an adequate and studied pre-selection of indicators, emphasizing the importance of strategic planning for success in the area, and therefore the company.
Description
Keywords
Balance Scorecard, IBM, Diseño de programa