Thesis Evolución del ingreso de las mujeres a carreras universitarias: caso Ingeniería Civil Industrial
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Date
2026-04
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Program
Ingeniería Comercial
Departament
Campus
Campus Casa Central Valparaíso
Abstract
Este trabajo examina los determinantes estructurales del ingreso de mujeres a Ingeniería Civil Industrial en Chile durante 2005-2024. Se analiza la asociación entre factores macroeconómicos, políticas públicas y eventos sociopolíticos con la evolución de la participación femenina en esta disciplina STEM tradicionalmente masculinizada. Se emplea un diseño cuantitativo longitudinal mediante análisis econométrico de series temporales con datos agregados a nivel nacional. El modelo incorpora variables de inversión pública en investigación y desarrollo, gasto en educación y tendencias temporales, estimando sus asociaciones con la matrícula femenina mediante regresión lineal múltiple con correcciones robustas apropiadas. Los resultados indican que la inversión en investigación y desarrollo presenta la asociación estadística más robusta con la matrícula femenina, seguida por la inversión pública en educación. Ambas variables muestran relaciones positivas y estadísticamente significativas, y explican conjuntamente una proporción sustancial de la variabilidad observada. Un análisis alternativo confirma diferencias temporales significativas entre 2005-2017 y 2018-2024, consistentes con cambios institucionales y culturales asociados al movimiento estudiantil feminista. La participación femenina aumentó de 23,4% en 2005 a 28,9% en 2024, pero la paridad permanece distante. Las proyecciones sugieren que, bajo tendencias actuales, se alcanzaría(...).
This study examines the structural determinants of women's enrollment in Industrial Engineering in Chile during 2005-2024. The research analyzes the association between macroeconomic factors, public policies, and sociopolitical events with the evolution of female participation in this traditionally male-dominated STEM discipline. A quantitative longitudinal design is employed, using econometric time-series analysis with aggregated national data. The model incorporates variables of public investment in research and development, education expenditure, and temporal trends, estimating their associations with female enrollment through multiple linear regression with appropriate robust corrections. Results indicate that investment in research and development has the strongest statistical association with female enrollment, followed by public investment in education. Both variables show positive and statistically significant relationships, together explaining a substantial proportion of observed variability. An alternative specification confirms significant temporal differences between 2005-2017 and 2018-2024, consistent with institutional and cultural changes associated with the 2018 feminist student movement. Female participation increased from 23.4% in 2005 to 28.9% in 2024, yet gender parity remains distant. Projections suggest that, under current trends, parity would be(...).
This study examines the structural determinants of women's enrollment in Industrial Engineering in Chile during 2005-2024. The research analyzes the association between macroeconomic factors, public policies, and sociopolitical events with the evolution of female participation in this traditionally male-dominated STEM discipline. A quantitative longitudinal design is employed, using econometric time-series analysis with aggregated national data. The model incorporates variables of public investment in research and development, education expenditure, and temporal trends, estimating their associations with female enrollment through multiple linear regression with appropriate robust corrections. Results indicate that investment in research and development has the strongest statistical association with female enrollment, followed by public investment in education. Both variables show positive and statistically significant relationships, together explaining a substantial proportion of observed variability. An alternative specification confirms significant temporal differences between 2005-2017 and 2018-2024, consistent with institutional and cultural changes associated with the 2018 feminist student movement. Female participation increased from 23.4% in 2005 to 28.9% in 2024, yet gender parity remains distant. Projections suggest that, under current trends, parity would be(...).
Description
Keywords
Equidad de género, Matrícula femenina, Educación STEM, Política educativa, inversión en I+D
