Thesis Desarrollo de un modelo de energización on-grid y off-grid para reservas nacionales con energía solar
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Date
2024-05
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Program
Ingeniería Civil Mecánica
Campus
Campus Casa Central Valparaíso
Abstract
La Reserva Nacional Río Los Cipreses es un parque ubicado en la comuna de Machalí, región de O’Higgins, que actualmente posee la problemática de tener elevados costos operacionales debido al consumo de electricidad. La RN cuenta con dos sectores habilitados. El primero es la zona de Guardaparques, que posee un Centro de Educación Silvestre, una oficina de Guardaparques y casas para gente que vive en el parque. Este sector está electrificado y es la fuente de los consumos eléctricos. El segundo sector es el camping Ranchillo, una zona de áreas verdes con capacidad para 300 personas, que actualmente no dispone de electricidad ni agua caliente en los baños, por lo que no recibe tantos visitantes como la primera zona. Por estos motivos se hace necesario la preparación de un ante proyecto de electrificación con
energías renovables no convencionales para ambos sectores del parque. Se utilizará una solución con paneles solares fotovoltaicos. Para el sector camping Ranchillo se desarrolla un modelo de electrificación off-grid y un sistema solar térmico para el agua caliente en los baños. Primero se estudia el recurso solar (Explorador Solar del MinEnergía). Con estos resultados se puede dimensionar que un parque
de 6 paneles solares logra generar toda la potencia que demanda el camping, sumado a una oficina de guardaparques. Luego se dimensiona el sistema solar térmico con un colector de 250 [l] por módulo de baño. El proyecto de 2 [kW] máximos de generación se valoriza en una inversión de unos 10 M$, con un TIR del 15% y un retorno de la inversión al cuarto año. El proyecto del sector guardaparques se desarrolla de igual manera, solamente que on-grid. Se dimensiona un arreglo de 135 paneles solares para producir un máximo de 45 [kW] que genera alrededor de un 49% de ahorro anual en electricidad al año. Este ahorro se estima a partir de una boleta de electricidad del parque. La inversión inicial es de aproximadamente 48 M$, con un TIR del 13% y un retorno de la inversión al octavo año. Este proyecto se suscribe a la Ley 20.571, de generación residencial distribuida, por lo que los ahorros se ven reflejados de inmediato en la boleta eléctrica mensual. Se concluye que este proyecto es beneficioso y aplicable a cualquier reserva o parque nacional de la CONAF.
The National Reserve “Río Los Cipreses” is a park located in Machalí, O'Higgins Region, which currently faces the issue of high operational costs due to elevated electricity consumption. The reserve has two designated sectors. The first one is the ranger zone, which includes a wildlife education center, a ranger office, and houses for park residents. This sector is electrified and is the source of electricity consumption. The second sector is called “Ranchillo” camping area, a green space with a capacity for 300 people, currently lacking electric lighting and hot water in the bathrooms, resulting in fewer visitors compared to the first zone. For these reasons, a preliminary electrification project using unconventional renewable energy sources is requested for both park sectors. A solution with solar panels is proposed. For the “Ranchillo” camping project, an off-grid electrification model and a solar thermal system for hot water in the bathrooms are developed. Solar resource analysis is conducted using the Ministry of Energy's solar explorer tool. Based on these results, it is determined that a set of 6 solar panels can generate all the power required for the camping area, including the ranger office. The solar thermal system is sized with a 250 [l] collector per bathroom module. The 2 [kW] maximum generation project is valued at approximately 10 M$ (CLP) in investment, with a 15% Internal Rate of Return (IRR) and a return on investment in the fourth year. The ranger project follows a similar approach, but it is on-grid. An array of 135 solar panels is sized to produce a maximum of 45 [kW], resulting in around a 49% annual electricity cost savings. This savings estimate is based solely on the park's electricity bill. The initial investment is approximately 48 M$ (CLP), with a 13% IRR and a return on investment in the eighth year. This project adheres to Law 20.571 for distributed residential generation, reflecting immediate savings on the monthly electricity bill. It is concluded that this project is beneficial and applicable to any CONAF (National Forestry Corporation) reserve or national park.
The National Reserve “Río Los Cipreses” is a park located in Machalí, O'Higgins Region, which currently faces the issue of high operational costs due to elevated electricity consumption. The reserve has two designated sectors. The first one is the ranger zone, which includes a wildlife education center, a ranger office, and houses for park residents. This sector is electrified and is the source of electricity consumption. The second sector is called “Ranchillo” camping area, a green space with a capacity for 300 people, currently lacking electric lighting and hot water in the bathrooms, resulting in fewer visitors compared to the first zone. For these reasons, a preliminary electrification project using unconventional renewable energy sources is requested for both park sectors. A solution with solar panels is proposed. For the “Ranchillo” camping project, an off-grid electrification model and a solar thermal system for hot water in the bathrooms are developed. Solar resource analysis is conducted using the Ministry of Energy's solar explorer tool. Based on these results, it is determined that a set of 6 solar panels can generate all the power required for the camping area, including the ranger office. The solar thermal system is sized with a 250 [l] collector per bathroom module. The 2 [kW] maximum generation project is valued at approximately 10 M$ (CLP) in investment, with a 15% Internal Rate of Return (IRR) and a return on investment in the fourth year. The ranger project follows a similar approach, but it is on-grid. An array of 135 solar panels is sized to produce a maximum of 45 [kW], resulting in around a 49% annual electricity cost savings. This savings estimate is based solely on the park's electricity bill. The initial investment is approximately 48 M$ (CLP), with a 13% IRR and a return on investment in the eighth year. This project adheres to Law 20.571 for distributed residential generation, reflecting immediate savings on the monthly electricity bill. It is concluded that this project is beneficial and applicable to any CONAF (National Forestry Corporation) reserve or national park.
Description
Keywords
Energía Solar, Modelo de Energización, On-Grid, Off-Grid