Thesis ESTUDIO DE ESCENARIOS EN PROYECTO DE ENERGÍA SOLAR APLICADO AL NUEVO HOSPITAL DE CERRO NAVIA
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Date
2015-03
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Program
DEPARTAMENTO DE INDUSTRIAS. INGENIERÍA CIVIL INDUSTRIAL
Campus
Campus Vitacura, Santiago
Abstract
Actualmente Chile tiene un panorama energético, muy difícil de abordar, ya que se contraponen intereses públicos y privados, lo que hace imposible tener un enfoque optimo en las políticas públicas relacionadas a materia energética. Producto de esto, el país cuenta con una matriz energética dominada por los recursos fósiles (petróleo, gas natural), lo que provoca uno de los precios más caros de electricidad en el mundo (Birol et al. (2009)), y como efecto colateral las firmas nacionales pierden competitividad a nivel local y global, además las firmas internacionales prefieren realizar sus inversiones en países con mejores características, lo que desencadena un mal estar económico, energético y social. Debido a su gran potencial en Chile, se produce la oportunidad perfecta para las energías renovables no convencionales, como la solar que será utilizada en esta investigación. En muchos países europeos, este tipo de energías se han ido posicionando fuertemente, como recursos principales para la generación energética. En empresas que optaron por este camino, se a generado una ventaja competitiva sobresaliente, por sobre sus competidores, por lo tanto se plantea esto como una posible solución en el mediano plazo, considerando a demás las óptimas condiciones geográficas y climáticas que posee Chile para la instauración de las ERNC. En este trabajo se plantean distintos escenarios de inversión para proyectos energéticos aplicados al Nuevo Hospital Metropolitano Occidente, los cuales serán contrastados mediante indicadores económicos y ambientales ocupando la herramienta para simulación RETScreen. El hospital aún está en construcción, por la tanto se visualiza una oportunidad única para instaurar las ERNC. Entre los proyectos a estudiar se propone: (1) Sistema de paneles monocristalinos fotovoltaicos para satisfacer las necesidades eléctricas de un sector del hospital. El abastecimiento considera que lo que se produce se utiliza inmediatamente por lo tanto, solo se podría aprovechar en las horas que exista radiación, ya que de otra forma aumenta excesivamente los costos de inversión y la rentabilidad. Este proyecto cubrirá un área de 1628[m 2 ], con un total de 964 paneles solares y lograra aportar a la red un total anual de 330,21 [MWh] (2)Sistema de paneles policristalinos para satisfacer las necesidades eléctricas de un sector del hospital. Al igual que en el caso anterior la conexión será a red, por lo tanto en las horas que no existan las condiciones óptimas para la generación, la red eléctrica entregará la energía suficiente para cubrir las necesidades. Este proyecto cubrirá un área de 1628 [m 2 ], con un total de 1004 paneles solares y lograra aportar a la red un total anual de 330,16[MWh] (3) Sistema de paneles termo solares para satisfacer las necesidades de agua sanitaria, en los pacientes del hospital. En este caso se considera que cada cama contará con su suministro de agua caliente, por lo tanto se considera para el proyecto la energía suficiente para cubrir la demanda de las 523 camas habilitadas en el hospital, considerando que los recambios de pacientes, por ende la utilización de recursos se da en las horas de sol. Por otro lado el sistema contará con una red secundaria, que será la encargada se cubrir las necesidades de agua sanitaria de los pacientes, cuando el sistema no pueda autoabastecer. Este proyecto cubrirá un área de 1628[m 2 ], con un total de 550 paneles termo solares y logrará aportar a la red un total anual de 1561,3 [MWh]. Los resultados de la evaluación económica indican que la opción más rentable es el sistema de paneles termo solares, como se puede apreciar en la tabla adjunta. Este proyecto necesita una inversión de $ 368.524.697 para ser realizado. En una evaluación a 25 años, genera un VAN de $ 844.574.238, una TIR de 31,6 % y un PAYBACK de 3,6 años, además reduce la huella de carbono en 67,3 tCO2, por lo tanto este proyecto cuenta con indicadores económicos y ambientales sobresalientes.
Chile currently has a very difficult to address energy landscape as public and private interests are opposed, making it impossible to have a good focus on public policies related to energy. Proceeds from this, the country has an energy mix dominated by fossil fuels (oil, natural gas), which causes one of the highest electricity rates in the world (Birol et al. (2009)), and the collateral effect domestic firms less competitive locally and globally, in addition international firms prefer to invest their money in countries with better characteristics, which triggers a malaise economic, energy and social. Because of its great potential in Chile, it is the perfect opportunity to produce non-conventional renewable energies such as solar to be used in this investigation. In many European countries, this type of energy has been positioning itself strongly as the main resources for energy generation. In companies that chose this path, it has generated an outstanding competitive advantage over its competitors, so this is proposed as a possible solution in the medium term, considering other optimal geographic and climatic conditions of Chile for the establishment of ERNC. In this work different investment scenarios for energy projects applied to new Metropolitan Hospital West, which will be contrasted by taking economic and environmental indicators simulation tool RETScreen arise. The hospital is still under construction, therefore a unique opportunity to establish ERNC displayed. Among the projects to study it proposes: (1) System monocrystalline photovoltaic panels to meet the electricity needs of a sector of the hospital. Providing think that what is produced is used immediately therefore only be realized where there radiation hours, since otherwise excessively increased investment costs and profitability. This project will cover an area of 1, 628[m 2 ], with a total of 964 solar panels and contribute to the network achieved an annual total of 330,21[MWh] (2) System polycrystalline panels to meet the electricity needs of a sector of the hospital. As in the previous case the network connection is therefore in the hours that there are optimal conditions for generating the electric network will provide enough energy to meet the needs. This project will cover an area of 1, 628[m 2 ], with a total of 1004 solar panels and contribute to the network achieved an annual total of 330,16[MWh] (3) Solar thermal panel system to meet the needs of sanitary water, hospital patients. In this case it is considered that each bed will have its hot water supply therefore considered for the project enough power to meet the demand of 523 beds in the hospital enabled. In addition the system will have a secondary network, which will be on-charged hot water needs of patients cover when the system can not self-sufficient. This project will cover an area of 1, 628[m 2 ], with a total of 550 solar thermal panels and contribute to the network achieved an annual total of 1561,3[MWh]. The results of the economic evaluation indicate that the most profitable option is solar thermal panel system, as seen in the accompanying table. This project requires an investment of $ 368,524,697 to be made. In an assessment to 25 years, generates an VPN of $ 844,574,238, an TIR of 31.6 % and 3.6 years payback also reduces the carbon footprint 67,3 tC02 therefore this project has outstanding economic and environmental indicators.
Chile currently has a very difficult to address energy landscape as public and private interests are opposed, making it impossible to have a good focus on public policies related to energy. Proceeds from this, the country has an energy mix dominated by fossil fuels (oil, natural gas), which causes one of the highest electricity rates in the world (Birol et al. (2009)), and the collateral effect domestic firms less competitive locally and globally, in addition international firms prefer to invest their money in countries with better characteristics, which triggers a malaise economic, energy and social. Because of its great potential in Chile, it is the perfect opportunity to produce non-conventional renewable energies such as solar to be used in this investigation. In many European countries, this type of energy has been positioning itself strongly as the main resources for energy generation. In companies that chose this path, it has generated an outstanding competitive advantage over its competitors, so this is proposed as a possible solution in the medium term, considering other optimal geographic and climatic conditions of Chile for the establishment of ERNC. In this work different investment scenarios for energy projects applied to new Metropolitan Hospital West, which will be contrasted by taking economic and environmental indicators simulation tool RETScreen arise. The hospital is still under construction, therefore a unique opportunity to establish ERNC displayed. Among the projects to study it proposes: (1) System monocrystalline photovoltaic panels to meet the electricity needs of a sector of the hospital. Providing think that what is produced is used immediately therefore only be realized where there radiation hours, since otherwise excessively increased investment costs and profitability. This project will cover an area of 1, 628[m 2 ], with a total of 964 solar panels and contribute to the network achieved an annual total of 330,21[MWh] (2) System polycrystalline panels to meet the electricity needs of a sector of the hospital. As in the previous case the network connection is therefore in the hours that there are optimal conditions for generating the electric network will provide enough energy to meet the needs. This project will cover an area of 1, 628[m 2 ], with a total of 1004 solar panels and contribute to the network achieved an annual total of 330,16[MWh] (3) Solar thermal panel system to meet the needs of sanitary water, hospital patients. In this case it is considered that each bed will have its hot water supply therefore considered for the project enough power to meet the demand of 523 beds in the hospital enabled. In addition the system will have a secondary network, which will be on-charged hot water needs of patients cover when the system can not self-sufficient. This project will cover an area of 1, 628[m 2 ], with a total of 550 solar thermal panels and contribute to the network achieved an annual total of 1561,3[MWh]. The results of the economic evaluation indicate that the most profitable option is solar thermal panel system, as seen in the accompanying table. This project requires an investment of $ 368,524,697 to be made. In an assessment to 25 years, generates an VPN of $ 844,574,238, an TIR of 31.6 % and 3.6 years payback also reduces the carbon footprint 67,3 tC02 therefore this project has outstanding economic and environmental indicators.
Description
Keywords
HOSPITAL DE CERRO NAVIA, EVALUACIÓN TÉCNICA, ENERGÍA SOLAR, PANELES FOTOVOLTAICOS