Thesis REMEDIACIÓN ELECTROQUÍMICA DE NÍQUEL Y ZINC EN RESIDUOSMINEROS
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Date
2016
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Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María UTFSM. Casa Central Valparaíso
Abstract
La industria minera en Chile representa al año 2015 un 11,8 % del PIB nacional, con un total de 5.8 millones de toneladas de cobre fino exportadas correspondiente a un 35% de la producción mundial de este metal equivalentes a US$30,0000 millones. La alta producción de cobre junto con la disminución de la ley de mineral, ha hecho que la producción de residuos mineros aumente año a año, siendo de principal interés medioambiental los relaves mineros. La cantidad de relave que producida anualmente, su alto contenido en metales pesados como contaminantes y volumen, hace necesario plantear estrategias de gestión.La remediación electrocinética de relaves mineros nace de la necesidad de estabilizarlo restándole reactividad química y con ello su daño en el medio ambiente. En este estudio se busca revalorizar los relaves recuperando el contenido de Níquel, Zinc y Cobre con campos eléctricos. En esta Tesis se propone una estrategia de estabilización que además valoriza el relave minero. A diferencia de otros tratamientos, este se encamina a que el costo de gestión sea menor por generar material de valor añadido como subproducto.En este trabajo se realizan 5 experiencias para evaluar el movimiento de níquel, zinc y cobre en relación al voltaje aplicado y acidez inicial en remediación electrocinética. Se utiliza un relave minero proveniente de la Mina San José de la Sociedad Punta del Cobre.Se utilizan dos niveles de Voltaje DC (20 V y 40 V), y dos niveles de acidez inicial, correspondiente a dos concentraciones de ácido sulfúrico agregado para realizar el pre-tratamiento del relave, 1 M y 2 M. Además se agrega un punto central con condiciones experimentales de 30 V y 1.5 M. Para todos los experimentos, se mantiene constante la humedad del relave correspondiente a 20% y el tiempo de tratamiento de 7 días.Considerando las condiciones de remediación definidas, se puede comprobar que para una condición de mayor acidez inicial y mayor voltaje DC aplicado, la eficiencia de remoción de níquel, zinc y cobre aumenta considerablemente respecto de las demás experiencias. Se puede notar específicamente para zinc que esta condición favorece la solubilidad y su alta migración hacia el cátodo y compartimiento catódico como metal soluble, con una eficiencia de remoción promedio de un 46%, por lo cual sería posible la recuperación de este metal. Para el caso de Níquel se obtiene una eficiencia de remoción en la zona anódica de un 14%, mientras que para cobre de un 21%.
The mining industry in Chile represents 11.8% of the national GDP in 2015 with 5.8 million of tons of copper fine which corresponds to 35% of the world production of this metal equivalent to US$30,000 million. The increment in production of copper and reduction of mineral law has increased each year the mining waste production. The amount of tailings that is produces annually, its high content in metals heavy as contaminants and volume, makes necessary to find management strategies.The Electrokinetic Remediation (EKR) of mine tailings was developed due to of the need to stabilize the chemical reactivity and with its damage to the environment. This study is also looking for increasing the value of the tailings recovering of nickel, zinc and copper with electric fields. In this thesis a strategy of stabilization is proposed that also increase of value the mine tailings. In difference to other treatments, the cost of management is less by generating material of value added as by-product.In this work 5 experiments were carried out to assess the movement of nickel, zinc and copper in relation to the applied voltage and initial acidity in Electrokinetic Remediation using mine tailings from the San Jose Concentration Plant.Two levels of DC voltage (20 V and 40 V) were used, and two levels of initial acidity, corresponding to two concentrations of added sulfuric acid to the pre-treatment of the tailings, 1 M and 2 M. In addition, a central point with experimental conditions 30V and 1.5M as carried out. For all the experiments the humidity and the time of treatment maintains constant in 20% and 7 days respectively.With the defined conditions of remediation, it can be observed that for a higher initial acidity condition and greater applied DC voltage, the efficiency of removal of nickel, zinc and copper increases significantly with respect to other experiments. It can be specifically noted for zinc that this condition favors the solubility and its high migration to the cathode and the catholyte as soluble metal, with a 46% average removal efficiency, so it would be possible the recovery of this metal. In case of nickel, a removal efficiency in the anode section gets of a 14% and 21% for copper in the same area.
The mining industry in Chile represents 11.8% of the national GDP in 2015 with 5.8 million of tons of copper fine which corresponds to 35% of the world production of this metal equivalent to US$30,000 million. The increment in production of copper and reduction of mineral law has increased each year the mining waste production. The amount of tailings that is produces annually, its high content in metals heavy as contaminants and volume, makes necessary to find management strategies.The Electrokinetic Remediation (EKR) of mine tailings was developed due to of the need to stabilize the chemical reactivity and with its damage to the environment. This study is also looking for increasing the value of the tailings recovering of nickel, zinc and copper with electric fields. In this thesis a strategy of stabilization is proposed that also increase of value the mine tailings. In difference to other treatments, the cost of management is less by generating material of value added as by-product.In this work 5 experiments were carried out to assess the movement of nickel, zinc and copper in relation to the applied voltage and initial acidity in Electrokinetic Remediation using mine tailings from the San Jose Concentration Plant.Two levels of DC voltage (20 V and 40 V) were used, and two levels of initial acidity, corresponding to two concentrations of added sulfuric acid to the pre-treatment of the tailings, 1 M and 2 M. In addition, a central point with experimental conditions 30V and 1.5M as carried out. For all the experiments the humidity and the time of treatment maintains constant in 20% and 7 days respectively.With the defined conditions of remediation, it can be observed that for a higher initial acidity condition and greater applied DC voltage, the efficiency of removal of nickel, zinc and copper increases significantly with respect to other experiments. It can be specifically noted for zinc that this condition favors the solubility and its high migration to the cathode and the catholyte as soluble metal, with a 46% average removal efficiency, so it would be possible the recovery of this metal. In case of nickel, a removal efficiency in the anode section gets of a 14% and 21% for copper in the same area.
Description
Catalogado desde la version PDF de la tesis.
Keywords
RELAVE MINERO, REMEDIACION DE SUELO, REMEDIACION ELECTROCINETICA