Thesis Batería de metanol verde para gestión energética de central ERNC
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Date
2023-08
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Program
Ingeniería Civil Química
Campus
Campus Santiago San Joaquín
Abstract
Actualmente, en el país, la mayor emisión de gases de efecto invernadero (GEI) proviene de la industria de generación de electricidad. Al 2021, el 42% de la capacidad instalada nacional proviene de fuentes fósiles. Con el fin de descarbonizar la matriz eléctrica se requiere aumentar el uso de energías provenientes de fuentes renovables no convencionales (ERNC), como la solar y eólica, y, de esta manera, aprovechar el gran potencial de generación eléctrica renovable el cual se estima en 2150 GW.
Las ERNC tienen la gran ventaja de ser inagotables, pueden no generar GEI y están siendo económicamente competitivas frente a las fósiles. Pero tienen el problema de ser intermitentes, ya que dependen de la disponibilidad del sol y el viento, provocando un desbalance energético entre la generación eléctrica y su consumo por parte de la población. Por ello, lograr la total descarbonización de la matriz eléctrica requiere un sistema de gestión sostenible y de alta capacidad, que permita almacenar y despachar de forma oportuna y eficiente; facilitando así, el balance entre el suministro y la demanda eléctrica.
Este proyecto de memoria propone un sistema de gestión basado en la producción y combustión de metanol verde, para el almacenamiento y la generación de energía eléctrica respectivamente. El sistema, se basa en la generación de electricidad a partir de los vientos en la Región de Magallanes y, de esta forma, aprovechar su gran potencial. La energía sobre generada alimenta un electrolizador, el cual, permite la generación de hidrógeno verde. A la vez, alimenta una unidad de captura de CO2 atmosférico para producir metanol, esto, mediante la reacción de hidrogenación de CO2 . El metanol, se almacena para su posterior reinyección a la red, cuando la demanda supere la generación eólica.
Currently, in the country, the largest emission of greenhouse gases (GHGs) comes from the electricity generation industry. As of 2021, 42% of the national installed capacity comes from fossil sources. In order to decarbonize the power grid, it’s necessary to increase the use of energy from unconventional renewable sources (URS), such as solar and wind, and thereby harness the significant renewable electricity generation potential estimated at 2150 GW. URS have the significant advantages of being inexhaustible, producing little to no GHGs, and becoming economically competitive against fossil fuels. However, they face the challenge of intermittency, relying on the availability of sunlight and wind, which causes an energy imbalance between electricity generation and consumption by the population. Therefore, achieving complete decarbonization of the power grid requires a sustainable and high-capacity management system that can store and dispatch energy in a timely and efficient manner, facilitating the balance between supply and demand. This thesis project proposes a management system based on the production and combustion of green methanol for energy storage and generation, respectively. The system is based on generating electricity from the winds in the Magallanes Region and thus tapping into its significant potential. Excess energy generated powers an electrolyzer, which allows for the production of green hydrogen. Simultaneously, it feeds an atmospheric CO2 capture unit to produce methanol, achieved through the hydrogenation reaction of CO2 . The methanol is stored for later injection into the grid when demand surpasses wind generation.
Currently, in the country, the largest emission of greenhouse gases (GHGs) comes from the electricity generation industry. As of 2021, 42% of the national installed capacity comes from fossil sources. In order to decarbonize the power grid, it’s necessary to increase the use of energy from unconventional renewable sources (URS), such as solar and wind, and thereby harness the significant renewable electricity generation potential estimated at 2150 GW. URS have the significant advantages of being inexhaustible, producing little to no GHGs, and becoming economically competitive against fossil fuels. However, they face the challenge of intermittency, relying on the availability of sunlight and wind, which causes an energy imbalance between electricity generation and consumption by the population. Therefore, achieving complete decarbonization of the power grid requires a sustainable and high-capacity management system that can store and dispatch energy in a timely and efficient manner, facilitating the balance between supply and demand. This thesis project proposes a management system based on the production and combustion of green methanol for energy storage and generation, respectively. The system is based on generating electricity from the winds in the Magallanes Region and thus tapping into its significant potential. Excess energy generated powers an electrolyzer, which allows for the production of green hydrogen. Simultaneously, it feeds an atmospheric CO2 capture unit to produce methanol, achieved through the hydrogenation reaction of CO2 . The methanol is stored for later injection into the grid when demand surpasses wind generation.
Description
Keywords
Efecto invernadero, Energía eléctrica, Recursos energéticos renovables, Generación eléctrica
