Thesis Propuesta de mejora de sistema de extinción de incendio especializado para salas blancas de Data Centers
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Date
2026-10-07
Authors
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Program
Ingeniería Civil Mecánica
Departament
Campus
Campus Santiago San Joaquín
Abstract
La presente memoria desarrolla una propuesta de mejoramiento para sistemas de extinción de incendios aplicables a salas blancas de Data Centers, considerando desempeño técnico, continuidad operativa y viabilidad económica. El caso de estudio corresponde a una sala de referencia de 300 m², con 200 racks y una potencia mínima estimada de 2 MW, calculada a partir de una densidad de 10 kW por rack. La investigación es de carácter aplicado, con enfoque cuantitativo, diseño no experimental y alcance descriptivo–comparativo. Se evalúan rociadores automáticos, agentes limpios, gases inertes y agua nebulizada mediante diez criterios, una escala de 1 a 5 y dos escenarios de ponderación. Posteriormente, se desarrolla una modelación hidráulica estacionaria en AFT Fathom 12 para una red de agua nebulizada con 30 cabezales OH-PX2, distribuidos en tres ramales de diez unidades. En el escenario de viabilidad económica, el agua nebulizada alcanza 38,1 puntos sobre 50, equivalentes a 76,2 %, frente a 73,8 % de los agentes limpios, 70,6 % de los gases inertes y 57,0 % de los rociadores. Para el cálculo hidráulico se adopta una presión mínima de 7 bar y un factor K de 19,0 L min⁻¹ bar⁻¹⁄², obteniéndose una demanda mínima teórica de 1.508,08 L/min. La configuración final entrega aproximadamente 1.651,00 L/min y caudales de 53,75 a 56,26 L/min por cabezal. El caudal mínimo simulado supera en 6,92 % el requerimiento de 50,27 L/min, mientras que las velocidades de la red se sitúan entre 1,12 y 4,24 m/s. Se concluye que la red modelada satisface preliminarmente los requerimientos de caudal definidos para el escenario hidráulico considerado. La preferencia por agua nebulizada depende de los criterios, calificaciones y ponderaciones adoptados. Su implementación requiere verificar (...).
This thesis develops an improvement proposal for fire suppression systems in data center white spaces, considering technical performance, operational continuity, and economic feasibility. The reference case comprises a 300 m² room with 200 racks and an estimated minimum IT power demand of 2 MW, based on a density of 10 kW per rack. An applied, quantitative, non-experimental, descriptive–comparative approach is adopted. Automatic sprinklers, clean agents, inert gases, and water mist are evaluated using ten criteria, a five-point rating scale, and two weighting scenarios. A steady-state hydraulic model is then developed in AFT Fathom 12 for a water mist network consisting of 30 OH-PX2 nozzles arranged in three branches of ten nozzles each. Under the economic feasibility scenario, water mist achieves 38.1 out of 50 points, equivalent to 76.2%, compared with 73.8% for clean agents, 70.6% for inert gases, and 57.0% for automatic sprinklers. A minimum pressure of 7 bar and a K-factor of 19.0 L min⁻¹ bar⁻¹⁄² are adopted for the hydraulic calculations, resulting in a theoretical minimum total demand of 1,508.08 L/min. The final configuration supplies approximately 1,651 L/min, with individual nozzle flow rates ranging from 53.75 to 56.26 L/min. The minimum simulated nozzle flow exceeds the 50.27 L/min requirement by 6.92%, while pipe velocities throughout the network range from 1.12 to 4.24 m/s. The modeled network therefore meets the preliminary flow requirements defined for the hydraulic scenario. The preference for water mist depends on the selected criteria, ratings, and weights. Implementation requires verification (...).
This thesis develops an improvement proposal for fire suppression systems in data center white spaces, considering technical performance, operational continuity, and economic feasibility. The reference case comprises a 300 m² room with 200 racks and an estimated minimum IT power demand of 2 MW, based on a density of 10 kW per rack. An applied, quantitative, non-experimental, descriptive–comparative approach is adopted. Automatic sprinklers, clean agents, inert gases, and water mist are evaluated using ten criteria, a five-point rating scale, and two weighting scenarios. A steady-state hydraulic model is then developed in AFT Fathom 12 for a water mist network consisting of 30 OH-PX2 nozzles arranged in three branches of ten nozzles each. Under the economic feasibility scenario, water mist achieves 38.1 out of 50 points, equivalent to 76.2%, compared with 73.8% for clean agents, 70.6% for inert gases, and 57.0% for automatic sprinklers. A minimum pressure of 7 bar and a K-factor of 19.0 L min⁻¹ bar⁻¹⁄² are adopted for the hydraulic calculations, resulting in a theoretical minimum total demand of 1,508.08 L/min. The final configuration supplies approximately 1,651 L/min, with individual nozzle flow rates ranging from 53.75 to 56.26 L/min. The minimum simulated nozzle flow exceeds the 50.27 L/min requirement by 6.92%, while pipe velocities throughout the network range from 1.12 to 4.24 m/s. The modeled network therefore meets the preliminary flow requirements defined for the hydraulic scenario. The preference for water mist depends on the selected criteria, ratings, and weights. Implementation requires verification (...).
Description
Keywords
Salas blancas, Agentes limpios, Gases inertes, Rociadores automáticos, Modelación hidráulica, Viabilidad económica
