Thesis GESTIÓN DE RIESGO DE LOS COSTOS ENERGÉTICOS Y SU IMPACTO ECONÓMICO EN LOS MÁRGENES DEL NEGOCIO APLICADO A LOS PROCESOS DE PANADERÍA EN WALMART CHILE ALIMENTOS Y SERVICIOS LTDA.
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Date
2013-07
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Program
DEPARTAMENTO DE INGENIERÍA MECÁNICA. MAGÍSTER EN ECONOMÍA ENERGÉTICA
Campus
Campus Vitacura, Santiago
Abstract
Hoy en día las empresas necesitan de una gestión de control para su sustento a través del tiempo, y el ámbito energético no es la excepción, por lo que nace la necesidad de gestionar los recursos energéticos, los cuales en su integridad aportan en el resultado del negocio. En Walmart Chile Alimentos y Servicios Ltda. se trabaja promoviendo el uso eficiente de las energías y el ahorro energético, pero actualmente los costos de operación se estiman en base a las medias, por lo que al presupuestar estos costos se incurre en sub o sobre estimaciones, las cuales tienen un alto riesgo en los estados de resultado de la empresa; estas desviaciones existentes tienen un impacto en los márgenes de utilidad de los productos comercializados. Es por este motivo que se precisa realizar esta investigación, donde es necesario modelar un nuevo “sistema de gestión de riesgo de costos energéticos” dirigido a la unidad de negocio Panadería. Para el sustento de este sistema es necesaria la aplicación de los fundamentos de un sistema de gestión energética; debido a la importancia de este sistema en el mercado. En este sistema de gestión se plantea el análisis de la estructura organizacional y las características de un enfoque administrativo de las energías, con una visión económica. La energía utilizada en los procesos productivos de la panadería proviene de dos fuentes principales: Energía Eléctrica, suministrada por Chilectra, y Energía Térmica, generada en nuestra planta térmica. Una vez establecidas las métricas unitarias de ambas energías se analiza el estado de resultado del mes de abril de donde se dimensiona el impacto de la cuenta “Energy” en las utilidades, para un análisis más profundo es necesario identificar los factores de riesgos adyacentes a la utilización de estas dos fuentes energéticas.
Today's Companies need a control management for their livelihoods over time, and the energy sector is not an exception, so comes the need to manage energy resources, which as a whole, provide the outcome of our business.At Walmart Chile S.A. Food and Services we work promoting the efficient energy use and energy saving, but currently we estimated the operating costs based on averages, so that whenwe budgeting these costs we incurred under or over estimations, which have a high risk in the income statements ofthe company; these existing deviations have an impact on the profit margins of the sold products. Is for that reason that this research is need to be done, where it is necessary to model a new “Management System Risk of Energetic Costs”, aimed at the business unit, Bakery.For the support of this system is necessary to apply the fundamentals of energy management system, because of the importance of this system in the market.In this management system raises the analysis of the organizational structure and the characteristics of an energy management approach, with an economic vision.The energy used in the production processes of the bakery comes from two main sources: electricity, supplied by Chilectra, and Thermal Energy generated in our thermal plant. Once established the metric unit of energy both are analyzed, the income statement of April which where it is show the impact of Energy in earnings account, for a deeper analysis is necessary to identify the risk factors surrounding the use of these two energy sources. For the simulation of risk in energy costs was used @Risk tool, using Monte Carlo simulation, which is a mathematical technique computarized that considers the quantitative analysis for decision-making. For that you create a model of possible outcomes according to measurements taken by a normal probability distribution, which includes a factor of riskand uncertainty. For this one we work directly with Excel, creating graphics, layout settings, among others. With the result of this simulation analyzes the impact of inputs and risk behavior variables. In addition to estimating the risk of energy costs of the next annual period 2014.
Today's Companies need a control management for their livelihoods over time, and the energy sector is not an exception, so comes the need to manage energy resources, which as a whole, provide the outcome of our business.At Walmart Chile S.A. Food and Services we work promoting the efficient energy use and energy saving, but currently we estimated the operating costs based on averages, so that whenwe budgeting these costs we incurred under or over estimations, which have a high risk in the income statements ofthe company; these existing deviations have an impact on the profit margins of the sold products. Is for that reason that this research is need to be done, where it is necessary to model a new “Management System Risk of Energetic Costs”, aimed at the business unit, Bakery.For the support of this system is necessary to apply the fundamentals of energy management system, because of the importance of this system in the market.In this management system raises the analysis of the organizational structure and the characteristics of an energy management approach, with an economic vision.The energy used in the production processes of the bakery comes from two main sources: electricity, supplied by Chilectra, and Thermal Energy generated in our thermal plant. Once established the metric unit of energy both are analyzed, the income statement of April which where it is show the impact of Energy in earnings account, for a deeper analysis is necessary to identify the risk factors surrounding the use of these two energy sources. For the simulation of risk in energy costs was used @Risk tool, using Monte Carlo simulation, which is a mathematical technique computarized that considers the quantitative analysis for decision-making. For that you create a model of possible outcomes according to measurements taken by a normal probability distribution, which includes a factor of riskand uncertainty. For this one we work directly with Excel, creating graphics, layout settings, among others. With the result of this simulation analyzes the impact of inputs and risk behavior variables. In addition to estimating the risk of energy costs of the next annual period 2014.
Description
Keywords
PANADERIAS, CONSUMO DE ENERGIA ELECTRICA, COGENERACION DE ENERGIA ELECTRICA Y TERMICA, PLANIFICACIÓN ESTRATÉGICA, CONSERVACIÓN DE ENERGÍA