Thesis Obtención de concentrado de tierras raras desde relaves mineros a través de procesos de separación físico-químico
Date
2019
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Program
Ingeniería Civil Metalúrgica
Campus
Campus Casa Central Valparaíso
Abstract
Chile es un país ligado a la minería, donde el principal foco es la zona norte. Hasta el momento, los principales beneficios económicos giran en torno al cobre, dejando miles de millones de toneladas de relaves como residuos del procesamiento. Existen cerca de 24.000 millones de toneladas de relaves segregados en todo Chile. Si actualmente se producen cerca de 8 millones de toneladas de relave diarias, para el año 2035 la producción de relaves alcanzará los 14 millones diarios. Por lo anterior, es necesario cambiar el concepto de “ocupar, procesar y desechar para siempre”, en pos de una “Economía Circular”, i.e., buscar que los componentes, productos, recursos y residuos en general mantengan y/o prolonguen su utilidad y valor en todo momento. Esto conduce a un desafío actual como es reprocesar relaves mineros (i.e., Minería Secundaria). Pero se debe ir más allá, buscando una diversificación de la matriz de valor en base a elementos críticos y estratégicos a nivel mundial, como las Tierras Raras (Rare Earth Elements, REE). Para atender a lo anterior, se formuló la siguiente hipótesis: “Es factible obtener concentrados de REE a partir de relaves mineros mediante procesos combinados de separación físico-químicos”. Se evaluaron cuatro Rutas de Procesamiento: • Ruta A: La operaciones unitarias involucradas fueron molienda y flotación. Se utilizó como alimentación, el material colectado directamente desde el relaveducto proveniente desde División Andina de Codelco (i.e., Relave Fresco). • Ruta B: La operaciones unitarias involucradas fueron separación magnética, molienda y flotación. Se utilizó como alimentación, la fracción de material con mayor susceptibilidad magnética. • Ruta C: La operaciones unitarias involucradas fueron separación magnética, molienda y flotación. Se utilizó como alimentación, la fracción de material con menor susceptibilidad magnética, i.e., material descartado en Ruta B. • Ruta D: La operaciones unitarias involucradas fueron molienda y flotación. Se utilizó como alimentación Relave Fresco, pero a diferencia de la Ruta A, los reactivos utilizados acá fueron los tradicionales para cobre y molibdeno. Estas rutas consideraron tres operaciones unitarias que se evaluaron a nivel de laboratorio, estas fueron: separación magnética, molienda y flotación. A consecuencia de lo anterior, se realizaron 19 experimentos, generando más de 200 puntos experimentales para determinar empíricamente el desempeño metalúrgico asociado a la extracción de REE desde relaves mineros(...).
Chile is a country linked to mining, where the main focus is the northern zone. So far, the main economic benefits revolve around copper, leaving billions of tons of tailings as processing waste. There are about 24,000 million tons of tailings segregated throughout Chile. If currently about 8 million tons of tailings are produced per day, by the year 2035 the production of tailings will reach 14 million daily. Therefore, it is necessary to change the concept of "occupy, process and dispose of forever", in pursuit of a "Circular Economy", ie, to ensure that the components, products, resources and waste in general maintain and / or prolong their usefulness and value at all times. This leads to a current challenge such as reprocessing mining tailings (i.e., Secondary Mining). But we must go further, seeking a diversification of the value matrix based on critical and strategic elements worldwide, such as Rare Earth Elements (REE). To address the above, the following hypothesis was formulated: "It is feasible to obtain REE concentrates from mine tailings through combined physical-chemical separation processes". Four Processing Routes were evaluated: • Route A: The unit operations involved were grinding and flotation. The material collected directly from the pipeline coming from Codelco's Andina Division (i.e., Relave Fresco) was used as feed. • Route B: The unit operations involved were magnetic separation, grinding and flotation. The fraction of material with greater magnetic susceptibility was used as feed. • Route C: The unit operations involved were magnetic separation, grinding and flotation. The fraction of material with less magnetic susceptibility, i.e., material discarded in Route B was used as feed. • Route D: The unit operations involved were milling and flotation. Fresh Relave was used as feed, but unlike Route A, the reagents used here were the traditional ones for copper and molybdenum. These routes considered three unitary operations that were evaluated at the laboratory level, these were: magnetic separation, grinding and flotation. As a result of the above, 19 experiments were carried out, generating more than 200 experimental points to empirically determine the metallurgical performance associated with the extraction of REE from mining tailings(...).
Chile is a country linked to mining, where the main focus is the northern zone. So far, the main economic benefits revolve around copper, leaving billions of tons of tailings as processing waste. There are about 24,000 million tons of tailings segregated throughout Chile. If currently about 8 million tons of tailings are produced per day, by the year 2035 the production of tailings will reach 14 million daily. Therefore, it is necessary to change the concept of "occupy, process and dispose of forever", in pursuit of a "Circular Economy", ie, to ensure that the components, products, resources and waste in general maintain and / or prolong their usefulness and value at all times. This leads to a current challenge such as reprocessing mining tailings (i.e., Secondary Mining). But we must go further, seeking a diversification of the value matrix based on critical and strategic elements worldwide, such as Rare Earth Elements (REE). To address the above, the following hypothesis was formulated: "It is feasible to obtain REE concentrates from mine tailings through combined physical-chemical separation processes". Four Processing Routes were evaluated: • Route A: The unit operations involved were grinding and flotation. The material collected directly from the pipeline coming from Codelco's Andina Division (i.e., Relave Fresco) was used as feed. • Route B: The unit operations involved were magnetic separation, grinding and flotation. The fraction of material with greater magnetic susceptibility was used as feed. • Route C: The unit operations involved were magnetic separation, grinding and flotation. The fraction of material with less magnetic susceptibility, i.e., material discarded in Route B was used as feed. • Route D: The unit operations involved were milling and flotation. Fresh Relave was used as feed, but unlike Route A, the reagents used here were the traditional ones for copper and molybdenum. These routes considered three unitary operations that were evaluated at the laboratory level, these were: magnetic separation, grinding and flotation. As a result of the above, 19 experiments were carried out, generating more than 200 experimental points to empirically determine the metallurgical performance associated with the extraction of REE from mining tailings(...).
Description
Keywords
Tierras raras, Flotación, Relaves mineros
