Thesis ANÁLISIS DE VOLATILIDAD DEL PRECIO DE LOS COMBUSTIBLES Y EL EFECTO SOBRE LOS COSTOS MARGINALES
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Date
2016
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Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María UTFSM. Campus Vitacura Santiago
Abstract
Actualmente la Comisión Nacional de Energía para efectuar el cálculo de Precios de Nudo de Corto Plazo, debe contar con una proyección de precios de combustibles, tales como petróleo crudo, carbón y gas natural, los cuales se realizan tomando información pública de las proyecciones del “Energy Information Administration” (EIA) de EE.UU y actualizándola por CPI.Por otro lado el CDEC SIC para los primeros 12 meses del horizonte de planificación en la programación de mediano y largo plazo utiliza declaraciones de los costos de combustibles proporcionados por las empresas coordinadas. Para el resto del período, si no existen datos de contratos de suministros, se utilizan las estimaciones de los costos variables totales proporcionados por la CNE en la fijación de precios de nudo de corto plazo vigente.Lo anterior fundamenta la importancia de realizar una modificación a esta línea base con el fin de realizar proyecciones de precios de combustibles como objetivo principal en la realización de esta Tesis.Por consiguiente la presente investigación analiza un modelo estocástico llamado “Modelo Browniano Geométrico” utilizado para hacer predicciones de precios, en base a una estimación previa de los parámetros que aparecen en el mismo. Lo anterior se llevara a cabo a través de la utilización del Software @risk. Una vez estimadas las proyecciones, serán analizados escenarios representativos para luego simularlos en el modelo de Programación de Mediano y Largo Plazo (PLP) para obtener una distribución de Costos Marginales dependientes del tipo de Hidrologías (Seca, Media y Húmeda).A partir de los resultados se podrá inferir que para hidrologías secas y debido la escasez de agua, los combustibles analizados son los aquellos de mayor importancia, en tanto que aumentan los Costos Marginales alrededor de 120 USD/MWh, a diferencia de una hidrología húmeda, en la cual los Costos Marginales disminuyen en un orden de 20 a 30 USD/MWh, lo que desplaza a los combustibles, sean estos Carbón, Gas Natural Licuado y/o Diésel, utilizados normalmente en el despacho de centrales termoeléctricas.
Currently the Comisión Nacional de Energía (CNE) has established that for the calculation of node prices in the short-term planning, estimated fuel prices must be used, such as crude oil, coal and natural gas, which can be taken from projections of the Energy Information Administration (EIA) of the US and It is updated by CPI.On the other hand the Chilean operator of the electricity net (CDEC SIC) uses, for the first 12 months of planning horizon in Medium and Long Term Programming (PLP), the fuels costs statements provided by the plant owners. For the rest of the period, if there is no information on supply contracts, an estimate of total variable costs will be used, which are established by the Chilean National Energy Commission (CNE.The above indicates the importance to carry out a modification to this baseline in order to make projections of fuel prices, which it is the main aim of this thesis.Therefore, this research analyzes a stochastic model called “Geometric Brownian Model”, in order to obtain price predictions previously estimating the parameters that appear in it. All this will be done through the @Risk Software. With the obtained projection, the representatives scenarios will be analyzed and then simulated with the PLP model with the purpose of obtain a marginal cost distribution depending on the hydrology (dry, medium and humid).Whit the results obtained will be possible to infer that, for a dry hydrology and the current water shortage, crude oil, coal and natural gas are the most prominent fuels, thereby increasing marginal costs in order to 120 USD/MWh. On the contrary, in a wet hydrology the marginal cost will decrease in order to 20 or 30 USD/MWh, therefore displacing the fuels used in the dispatch of thermoelectric plants.
Currently the Comisión Nacional de Energía (CNE) has established that for the calculation of node prices in the short-term planning, estimated fuel prices must be used, such as crude oil, coal and natural gas, which can be taken from projections of the Energy Information Administration (EIA) of the US and It is updated by CPI.On the other hand the Chilean operator of the electricity net (CDEC SIC) uses, for the first 12 months of planning horizon in Medium and Long Term Programming (PLP), the fuels costs statements provided by the plant owners. For the rest of the period, if there is no information on supply contracts, an estimate of total variable costs will be used, which are established by the Chilean National Energy Commission (CNE.The above indicates the importance to carry out a modification to this baseline in order to make projections of fuel prices, which it is the main aim of this thesis.Therefore, this research analyzes a stochastic model called “Geometric Brownian Model”, in order to obtain price predictions previously estimating the parameters that appear in it. All this will be done through the @Risk Software. With the obtained projection, the representatives scenarios will be analyzed and then simulated with the PLP model with the purpose of obtain a marginal cost distribution depending on the hydrology (dry, medium and humid).Whit the results obtained will be possible to infer that, for a dry hydrology and the current water shortage, crude oil, coal and natural gas are the most prominent fuels, thereby increasing marginal costs in order to 120 USD/MWh. On the contrary, in a wet hydrology the marginal cost will decrease in order to 20 or 30 USD/MWh, therefore displacing the fuels used in the dispatch of thermoelectric plants.
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Catalogado desde la version PDF de la tesis.
Keywords
ANALISIS DE VOLATILIDAD, PRECIOS DE COMBUSTIBLES, PROGRAMACION DE MEDIANO Y LARGO PLAZO