Thesis Estudio computacional de la hidrofobicidad inducida por campos eléctricos en minerales
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Date
2026-08
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Program
Ingeniería Civil Mecánica
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Campus Casa Central Valparaíso
Abstract
El presente trabajo evalúa computacionalmente el efecto de campos eléctricos externos sobre la hidrofobicidad de la pirita, calcopirita y enargita. Mediante el Método de Elementos de Borde (BEM) implementado en el software PyGBe sobre mallas esféricas, se caracterizó la carga mineral en función del pH (4, 6, 8 y 10) y se evaluó la respuesta interfacial bajo distintos potenciales externos (−10 mV, 0 V, +10 mV y un caso extendido de ±500 mV), asumiendo la equivalencia entre potencial superficial y potencial Zeta en un medio libre de sal. Mediante ParaView se cuantificó el porcentaje de área superficial con gradiente electrostático virtualmente nulo (umbral del 1%). Los resultados confirmaron que en estado basal la carga nativa induce una respuesta hidrofílica. Bajo polarización, el modelo reprodujo adecuadamente las tendencias experimentales de la literatura: la pirita alcanzó su máxima área hidrofóbica a pH 6 y −10 mV, validando su cercanía al Punto de Carga Cero; la calcopirita registró su máximo bajo régimen anódico (+10 mV) en medio ácido/neutro; y la enargita presentó su mayor área a pH 10 y +10 mV. Asimismo, la polarización anódica (+10 mV) verificó la firma oxidativa interfacial de los minerales. El análisis comparativo identificó que la condición de pH 10 y +10 mV genera la mayor divergencia interfacial, prediciendo la depresión hidrofóbica de la calcopirita frente a la promoción relativa de la enargita, lo que sienta las bases para su separación selectiva. Por otro lado, el régimen severo (500 mV) provocó saturación electrostática, enmascarando las propiedades nativas y destruyendo la selectividad. Se valida así el modelado BEM como herramienta predictiva para procesos de electroflotación.
The present work computationally evaluates the effect of external electric fields on the hydrophobicity of pyrite, chalcopyrite, and enargite. Using the Boundary Element Method (BEM) implemented in the PyGBe software on spherical meshes, mineral charge was characterized as a function of pH (4,6,8 and 10) and the interfacial response was evaluated under different external potentials (−10 mV, 0 V, +10 mV and an extended case of ±500 mV), assuming the equivalence between surface potential and Zeta potential in a salt-free medium. The percentage of surface area with virtually null electrostatic gradient (threshold) was quantified via ParaView. The results confirmed that in the baseline (ground) state, the native charge induces a hydrophilic response. Under polarization, the model adequately reproduced the experimental trends from the literature: pyrite reached its maximum hydrophobic area at pH 6 and −10 mV, validating its proximity to the Point of Zero Charge; chalcopyrite recorded its maximum under an anodic regime (+10 mV) in an acidic/neutral medium; and enargite presented its greatest area at pH 10 and +10 mV. Likewise, anodic polarization (+10 mV) verified the interfacial oxidative signature of the minerals. The comparative analysis identified that the condition of pH and generates the greatest interfacial divergence, predicting the hydrophobic depression of chalcopyrite versus the relative promotion of enargite, which lays the groundwork for their selective separation. On the other hand, the severe regime (500 mV) caused electrostatic saturation, masking the native properties and destroying selectivity. This validates BEM modeling as a predictive tool for electroflotation processes.
The present work computationally evaluates the effect of external electric fields on the hydrophobicity of pyrite, chalcopyrite, and enargite. Using the Boundary Element Method (BEM) implemented in the PyGBe software on spherical meshes, mineral charge was characterized as a function of pH (4,6,8 and 10) and the interfacial response was evaluated under different external potentials (−10 mV, 0 V, +10 mV and an extended case of ±500 mV), assuming the equivalence between surface potential and Zeta potential in a salt-free medium. The percentage of surface area with virtually null electrostatic gradient (threshold) was quantified via ParaView. The results confirmed that in the baseline (ground) state, the native charge induces a hydrophilic response. Under polarization, the model adequately reproduced the experimental trends from the literature: pyrite reached its maximum hydrophobic area at pH 6 and −10 mV, validating its proximity to the Point of Zero Charge; chalcopyrite recorded its maximum under an anodic regime (+10 mV) in an acidic/neutral medium; and enargite presented its greatest area at pH 10 and +10 mV. Likewise, anodic polarization (+10 mV) verified the interfacial oxidative signature of the minerals. The comparative analysis identified that the condition of pH and generates the greatest interfacial divergence, predicting the hydrophobic depression of chalcopyrite versus the relative promotion of enargite, which lays the groundwork for their selective separation. On the other hand, the severe regime (500 mV) caused electrostatic saturation, masking the native properties and destroying selectivity. This validates BEM modeling as a predictive tool for electroflotation processes.
Description
Keywords
Electroflotación, Calcopirita, Enargita, Potencial Zeta, Separación selectiva, Grandiente electrónico, Método de Elementos de Borde (BEM)
