Thesis FLOTACIÓN INVERSA DE ARCILLAS DESDE UN RELAVE DE COBRE
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Date
2017
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Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María UTFSM. Casa Central Valparaíso
Abstract
A lo largo de los años en el procesamiento de minerales sulfurados de cobre se tiene que los minerales arcillosos presentes, son un problema creciente en la recuperación de minerales valiosos como el cobre, molibdeno y también en lo que es el recurso hídrico. La experiencia industrial muestra que contenidos significativos de arcillas en pulpas pueden modificar sus propiedades reológicas, afectando en las diferentes operaciones unitarias de una planta concentradora. En particular, es ampliamente conocido su efecto en el incremento de la viscosidad de la pulpa durante la flotación y su rol en eventos de embancamiento de celdas de flotación y espesadores de relaves con lo que se obtienen bajas recuperaciones de aguas claras.El presente trabajo contribuye a mitigar el efecto de las arcillas en el relave con el fin de lograr una mayor recuperación de agua clara. Esto mediante un proceso de flotación inversa posterior a la flotación convencional de cobre, que permita separar parcialmente mineral arcilloso mediante una fórmula de reactivos que actúen selectivamente sobre las partículas de arcilla y así se logre un relave apto para espesar y lograr una mejor recuperación de aguas claras. La fórmula de reactivos estará dada por una mezcla entre colectores, floculantes y coagulantes.Las variables respuestas a considerar para el estudio, será la recuperación en peso y la velocidad de sedimentación a la pulpa remanente en la celda para inferir el comportamiento de las colas en la etapa de espesamiento de relaves.Se tienen antecedentes de técnicas de flotación inversa de caolín, illita, pirofilita, esmectita, entre otros; mediante colectores aniónicos y catiónicos (incluso mezclas de estos) desde minerales de hierro, carbón, diaspóricos. Sin embargo, la flotación inversa de arcillas desde minerales de cobre es un proceso nuevo a explorar.
Over the course of years in processing copper sulfide ores has to be the clays minerals are an increasing problem in the recovery of valuables ores like copper and molybdenum as by- product and also in what is the hidric resource.The industrial experience shows that significant contents of clays on pulps can modify his rheological properties affecting in the different unit operations of a concentrating plant. In particular, is widely known his effect on the increase of the pulp viscosity during the stage of flotation and also his role in events of embankment of flotation cells and tailings thickeners resulting in low recoveries of clear water.This study contributes to mitigate the effect of the clays on the tailings in order to achieve a higher clear water height resulting in a better management of operation and recovery of process waters through a reverse flotation process after the conventional copper flotation allowing the partial separation of the clay mineral by a formula of reagents that acts selectively over the clays particles. And thus, achieve a tail suitable for thickening and get a better recovery of clear water. The reagents formula will be given by a mixture between collectors, flocculants and coagulants.The variables responses to be considered for the study, will be the recovery in weight (%) and the sedimentation velocity (cm/h) of the remaining pulp in the cell to infer the behavior of the tailings in the thickening stage.There is available research of reverse flotation techniques of kaolinite, illite, pyrophyllite, smectite, among others by anionic and cationic collectors (even mixtures of these) from iron, coal, diasporic minerals. However, the reverse separation of clays from copper ores is a new process to explore.
Over the course of years in processing copper sulfide ores has to be the clays minerals are an increasing problem in the recovery of valuables ores like copper and molybdenum as by- product and also in what is the hidric resource.The industrial experience shows that significant contents of clays on pulps can modify his rheological properties affecting in the different unit operations of a concentrating plant. In particular, is widely known his effect on the increase of the pulp viscosity during the stage of flotation and also his role in events of embankment of flotation cells and tailings thickeners resulting in low recoveries of clear water.This study contributes to mitigate the effect of the clays on the tailings in order to achieve a higher clear water height resulting in a better management of operation and recovery of process waters through a reverse flotation process after the conventional copper flotation allowing the partial separation of the clay mineral by a formula of reagents that acts selectively over the clays particles. And thus, achieve a tail suitable for thickening and get a better recovery of clear water. The reagents formula will be given by a mixture between collectors, flocculants and coagulants.The variables responses to be considered for the study, will be the recovery in weight (%) and the sedimentation velocity (cm/h) of the remaining pulp in the cell to infer the behavior of the tailings in the thickening stage.There is available research of reverse flotation techniques of kaolinite, illite, pyrophyllite, smectite, among others by anionic and cationic collectors (even mixtures of these) from iron, coal, diasporic minerals. However, the reverse separation of clays from copper ores is a new process to explore.
Description
Catalogado desde la version PDF de la tesis.
Keywords
ARCILLAS, FLOTACION, RELAVE DE COBRE, SEDIMENTACION