Thesis Mejoramiento a la gestión de servicios de Ground Handling : caso aplicado a Cobra Chile Servicios S.A.
Loading...
Date
2011-11
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Program
Ingeniería en Aviación Comercial
Departament
Campus
Campus Santiago Vitacura
Abstract
Los diferentes cambios y avances en nuevas tecnologías que ha sufrido la industria aeronáutica durante los últimos años, como los acuerdos de cielos abiertos entre naciones, las ventas de tickets por internet, la implementación de nuevas plataformas de vuelo, entre otras, han provocado un aumento y mejoras en las ofertas de viajes y en el transporte de carga, lo cual se ha visto reflejado en el crecimiento del mercado aeronáutico. Producto de esto y como sucede en cualquier industria en general, las empresas se deben preparar para enfrentar estas nuevas alzas en las demandas de sus productos o servicios, y rendir de forma adecuada como lo exigen los clientes y la competencia, la cual es cada vez más ruda.
Por ésta razón, se habla mucho del concepto de “Mejora Continua”, el cual es un proceso que adoptan las empresas ya sea por espíritu propio o por exigencias de los clientes, el cual se ve reflejado con la implementación y certificación de sistemas de gestión. De acuerdo a esto Cobra Chile Servicios S.A., en primera instancia como exigencia de uno de sus clientes tuvo que implementar y certificar un sistema integrado de gestión basado en las normas ISO 9001:2008, ISO 14001:2004 y OHSAS 18001:2007, cada una abarcando aspectos de Calidad, Medio Ambiente y Seguridad y Salud Ocupacional respectivamente. Sin embargo, la organización ha decidido por medio de su Gerencia General, comenzar a extender el sistema integrado de gestión a todas las áreas en las cuales la empresa se especializa y desarrolla sus servicios, es por esto que el presente estudio tiene como objetivo establecer una propuesta de implementación del sistema para su área de mantenimiento de equipos de servicios de ground handling, donde actualmente posee un contrato con la empresa Andes Airport Services S.A., y desarrolla sus operaciones en el aeropuerto Arturo Merino Benítez.
Esta memoria analiza la operación, el personal, la infraestructura y la gestión de los procesos con que Cobra mantiene y ejecuta el servicio de mantenimiento en las instalaciones del aeropuerto AMB, enfocándose en los conceptos de Calidad, Medio Ambiente y Seguridad y Salud Ocupacional. Para esto, se hizo un análisis previo de la convergencia de las tres normas en las cuales se quiere certificar, para luego diseñar la estructura del sistema integrado de gestión, lo cual entregó como resultado cinco puntos clave, los cuales son: 1) Sistema de Gestión, 2) Responsabilidad de la Dirección, 3) Gestión de Recursos, 4) Realización del Servicio y 5) Medición, análisis y mejora. De acuerdo a ésta estructura se realizó el análisis de los datos recolectados, los cuales se obtuvieron por medio de dos entrevistas, un diagnóstico dirigido principalmente al Jefe de Proyecto y la otra aplicada a una muestra significativa del personal operativo, las cuales tenían como objetivo establecer el grado de cumplimiento de los requisitos exigidos por las normas tanto para el SGC, SGA, SGS&SO y como SIG, y obtener las Fortalezas, Oportunidades, Debilidades, Amenazas y percepción de los trabajadores, con respecto al funcionamiento de la organización.
Los resultados obtenidos demuestran que la empresa no tiene cultura en ninguno de los tres aspectos que abarca el sistema integrado de gestión, ya que sólo promedian un 12,36% de cumplimiento. Además, la empresa presenta muchas debilidades en la gestión de sus procesos en general, lo cual se refleja en una disconformidad de los trabajadores, sin embargo, al plantearles la intención y las ventajas de implementar un sistema de gestión, adoptan una actitud positiva y comprometida para iniciar éste
proceso, ya que ven muchas oportunidades para mejorar tanto la gestión de la empresa como para ellos mismos.
De ésta manera, se continuó con la propuesta de actividades para cubrir las brechas identificadas en la etapa de diagnóstico, donde en primer lugar, se hizo la identificación y levantamiento de los procesos principales de la organización con el objetivo de comprender mejor el funcionamiento de la organización en general, y analizar los aspectos en los cuales se puede mejorar. Luego de tener los procesos identificados, se creó una propuesta de indicadores de gestión tanto para cada proceso, como para los aspectos de Calidad, Medio Ambiente y Seguridad, con el objeto de crear puntos de control e instancias de mejora, de tal manera de incluir éstos en la elaboración de documentos en la fase de implementación. Más tarde se elaboró una propuesta de los documentos como; procedimientos, instructivos y registros básicos que debe contemplar el SIG. Inmediatamente, se elaboró un listado de capacitaciones, cuyo objetivo es concientizar, culturizar e instruir al personal en los aspectos que abarca el SIG y la aplicación, control y mantención de los documentos y registros propuestos anteriormente.
Posteriormente, se analizaron los recursos necesarios para llevar a cabo este proceso, clasificándose en cuatro tipos; recurso humano, recurso de tiempo y recursos económicos o más bien dicho los costos asociados a la implementación del sistema. Los resultados obtenidos de éste análisis, determinaron que se necesitará de cuatro profesionales capacitados en cada uno de los aspectos en que se basa el sistema, un periodo aproximado de 28 semanas para desarrollar el proceso y un costo total de $11.107.088, asociados a conceptos de implementación ($4.325.157), certificación ($6.781.931) y por transporte y alimentación ($616.000).
Finalmente, la propuesta de implementación del sistema integrado de gestión establecida en éste estudio, se divide en 3 etapas: la primera, una fase orientada la elaboración de documentación, la cual tiene una duración aproximada de 15 semanas; la segunda, una etapa dedicada a culturizar al personal en aspectos de calidad, medio ambiente y seguridad, la cual requiere de un tiempo estimado de 19 semanas; y una tercera fase, para verificar y revisar que el sistema haya quedado bien implementado, en un periodo aproximado de 2 semanas.
In the last few years, the aeronautic industry has suffered several changes and improvement, for example the agreement of the open skies between nations, the internet selling and the invention of new flight platforms. All of this has increased the civil air traffic offer and cargo transport, which has been reflected in the improvement of the aeronautical market. As a consequence, like in any other industry, the companies must be prepared to face the new increases in product services and achieve the requirements coming from the market, clients and competitors, which gets harder and tougher every day. For this reason, it is common to hear the concept of “continuous improvement”, which is a process that many companies adopt, either for the own spirit or due to customer’s requirements, which are reflected with the implementation and certification of management systems. According to this, Cobra Chile Servicios S.A, as a requirement of one of his customers, had to introduce and certificate an integrated management system based on the ISO 9001:2008, ISO 14001:2004 and OHSAS 18001:2007 norms, each one embracing quality, environment and security and health management, respectively. However, the organization has decided through his general management to begin to extend the integrated management system into all areas, in which the company specializes and develops his services. For this reason, this study is looking forward to establishing a proposal for the implementation of the maintenance system for the service equipment of ground handling, where the company Andes Airport Services S.A, has a contract today, and develops his operations in Arturo Merino Benitez airport. This work analyses the operation, personnel, infrastructure and process management, with which Cobra maintains and executes the maintenance services in the AMB airport facilities, focusing in quality, environment, security and health management concepts. For this purpose, a previous analysis of the convergence of the three norms was necessary, in order to design the structure of the integrated management system. This gave as a result, five key points, which are: 1) Management system, 2) Management responsibility 3) resources management, 4) service operationalization and 5) Performance Measurement, analysis and improvement. According to this structure, all collected data was analyzed which was obtained by two interviews, one diagnosis pointing mainly to the project manager and the other applied to a significant sample of operations personnel. These were leading to establish the grade of the demanded requirements of SGC, SGA, SGS&SO and SIG as well and to obtain strengths, opportunities, weakness, threats and perceptions of the workers, regarding of the organizational work. The results obtained show that the company has no knowledge in none of the three aspects embraced by the integrated management system, since the average achieves only 12.36%. Furthermore, the company shows many weaknesses in the management process in general, which is reflected in a dissatisfaction of their workers. However, when the intention was proposed and the advantages of implementing a management system were presented, they adopt a positive attitude and engaged for initiating this process, because they see many opportunities to improve the company management and themselves within in. In this way, it continues with the proposal of activities to cover the gaps identified in the diagnosis stage, where in first place, identification and analysis of the main processes were made to better understand the functioning of the whole organization, and analyses the aspects where it can be improved. Once the processes are identified a proposal was created for the management performance indicators for each process, as for quality, environment and security aspects, with the object of creating control and improvement points, in order to include these in the elaboration of documents during the implementation phase. Later, a proposal of the documents was created such as: procedures, manuals and basic data that must contemplate the SIG. A list of further education was immediately issued to created conscience, culture and to instruct all the personnel in all the aspects embraced by SIG and the application, control and maintenance of the documents and registers proposed previously. Later, the necessary resources were analyzed to make this process, classifying in four groups; human resources, time resource, financial resources or better said the associated costs to the system implementation. The results of this analysis, determined that qualified professionals will be needed in each aspect that the system is based on. An approximate period of 28 weeks will be needed to develop the process and a total cost of $11.107.088, associated to implementation concept ($4.325.157), certification ($6.781.931) and for transport and food ($616.000). Finally, the implementation proposal of the integrated management system established in this study, is divided is three stages: the first one, a phase orientated to the elaboration of documents, which will take approximately 15 weeks; the second one, a phase dedicated to educate the personnel in quality aspects, environment and security. This will take an approximate time of 19 weeks; and the third one to verify and check that the system has been properly implemented, in an estimated time of two weeks.
In the last few years, the aeronautic industry has suffered several changes and improvement, for example the agreement of the open skies between nations, the internet selling and the invention of new flight platforms. All of this has increased the civil air traffic offer and cargo transport, which has been reflected in the improvement of the aeronautical market. As a consequence, like in any other industry, the companies must be prepared to face the new increases in product services and achieve the requirements coming from the market, clients and competitors, which gets harder and tougher every day. For this reason, it is common to hear the concept of “continuous improvement”, which is a process that many companies adopt, either for the own spirit or due to customer’s requirements, which are reflected with the implementation and certification of management systems. According to this, Cobra Chile Servicios S.A, as a requirement of one of his customers, had to introduce and certificate an integrated management system based on the ISO 9001:2008, ISO 14001:2004 and OHSAS 18001:2007 norms, each one embracing quality, environment and security and health management, respectively. However, the organization has decided through his general management to begin to extend the integrated management system into all areas, in which the company specializes and develops his services. For this reason, this study is looking forward to establishing a proposal for the implementation of the maintenance system for the service equipment of ground handling, where the company Andes Airport Services S.A, has a contract today, and develops his operations in Arturo Merino Benitez airport. This work analyses the operation, personnel, infrastructure and process management, with which Cobra maintains and executes the maintenance services in the AMB airport facilities, focusing in quality, environment, security and health management concepts. For this purpose, a previous analysis of the convergence of the three norms was necessary, in order to design the structure of the integrated management system. This gave as a result, five key points, which are: 1) Management system, 2) Management responsibility 3) resources management, 4) service operationalization and 5) Performance Measurement, analysis and improvement. According to this structure, all collected data was analyzed which was obtained by two interviews, one diagnosis pointing mainly to the project manager and the other applied to a significant sample of operations personnel. These were leading to establish the grade of the demanded requirements of SGC, SGA, SGS&SO and SIG as well and to obtain strengths, opportunities, weakness, threats and perceptions of the workers, regarding of the organizational work. The results obtained show that the company has no knowledge in none of the three aspects embraced by the integrated management system, since the average achieves only 12.36%. Furthermore, the company shows many weaknesses in the management process in general, which is reflected in a dissatisfaction of their workers. However, when the intention was proposed and the advantages of implementing a management system were presented, they adopt a positive attitude and engaged for initiating this process, because they see many opportunities to improve the company management and themselves within in. In this way, it continues with the proposal of activities to cover the gaps identified in the diagnosis stage, where in first place, identification and analysis of the main processes were made to better understand the functioning of the whole organization, and analyses the aspects where it can be improved. Once the processes are identified a proposal was created for the management performance indicators for each process, as for quality, environment and security aspects, with the object of creating control and improvement points, in order to include these in the elaboration of documents during the implementation phase. Later, a proposal of the documents was created such as: procedures, manuals and basic data that must contemplate the SIG. A list of further education was immediately issued to created conscience, culture and to instruct all the personnel in all the aspects embraced by SIG and the application, control and maintenance of the documents and registers proposed previously. Later, the necessary resources were analyzed to make this process, classifying in four groups; human resources, time resource, financial resources or better said the associated costs to the system implementation. The results of this analysis, determined that qualified professionals will be needed in each aspect that the system is based on. An approximate period of 28 weeks will be needed to develop the process and a total cost of $11.107.088, associated to implementation concept ($4.325.157), certification ($6.781.931) and for transport and food ($616.000). Finally, the implementation proposal of the integrated management system established in this study, is divided is three stages: the first one, a phase orientated to the elaboration of documents, which will take approximately 15 weeks; the second one, a phase dedicated to educate the personnel in quality aspects, environment and security. This will take an approximate time of 19 weeks; and the third one to verify and check that the system has been properly implemented, in an estimated time of two weeks.
Description
Keywords
Cobra Chile Servicios S.A., Sistema integrado de gestión, Gestión de calidad, Servicios aeroportuarios
