Thesis Análisis y propuestas para la reducción de desperdicio en línea productiva. Caso aplicado Nestlé S.A. fábrica refrigerados
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Date
2025-07
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Program
Ingeniería Civil Industrial
Departament
Campus
Campus Casa Central Valparaíso
Abstract
El presente trabajo de título tiene como objetivo reducir las pérdidas de producto terminado en la línea Erca 4 de la planta de refrigerados Nestlé, mediante la aplicación de la metodología DMAIC. A través de un enfoque estructurado y colaborativo, se analizaron en profundidad las causas del desperdicio, se identificaron oportunidades de mejora y se desarrolló un plan de acción específico y viable, enfocado en mejorar la eficiencia operativa de la línea. Durante la etapa de diagnóstico, se evidenció que las principales causas de desperdicio están asociadas a fallas en el molde de formación, errores de codificado, variabilidad en la operación, falta de estándares actualizados y deficiencias en la formación técnica del personal. Además, se detectó escasa trazabilidad en los registros de pérdida, así como una baja visibilidad del impacto económico que éstas generan. A partir de este análisis, se diseñaron catorce acciones correctivas que abordan dimensiones técnicas, organizacionales y de gestión. Entre ellas destacan: la implementación de una inspección visual previa al uso del material, auditorías a proveedores, fortalecimiento del mantenimiento preventivo, consolidación de estándares, y creación de herramientas visuales para monitoreo de pérdidas. Las acciones fueron priorizadas mediante una matriz de impacto-esfuerzo y planificadas en una carta Gantt para su implementación progresiva. Los resultados de esta tesis permiten establecer una hoja de ruta para disminuir significativamente el desperdicio, robustecer la estandarización de procesos y fomentar una cultura de mejora continua basada en datos. Si bien el alcance se centró en una línea específica, el enfoque y herramientas utilizadas son aplicables a otras líneas y procesos dentro de la organización.
This thesis project aims to reduce finished product waste in line Erca 4 of Nestlé’s refrigerated product plant by applying the DMAIC methodology. Using a structured and collaborative approach, the study identified root causes of waste, assessed process weaknesses, and proposed a viable action plan focused on operational efficiency improvement. The diagnostic phase revealed that most of the losses were associated with mold formation issues, coding errors, operational variability, lack of up-to-date standards, and insufficient technical training. Additionally, poor traceability of waste events and low visibility of their economic impact were identified. Fourteen corrective actions were designed, addressing technical, organizational, and management aspects. Among the key proposals were: visual inspection of packaging material prior to use, supplier audits, preventive maintenance reinforcement, consolidation of standardized work procedures, and visual dashboards for waste monitoring. These actions were prioritized using an effort-impact matrix and scheduled through a Gantt chart. The outcomes of this thesis provide a practical roadmap to reduce waste, strengthen process standardization, and promote a data-driven culture of continuous improvement. Although the scope of this project was limited to a specific production line, the methodology and tools used are broadly applicable to other processes within the company.
This thesis project aims to reduce finished product waste in line Erca 4 of Nestlé’s refrigerated product plant by applying the DMAIC methodology. Using a structured and collaborative approach, the study identified root causes of waste, assessed process weaknesses, and proposed a viable action plan focused on operational efficiency improvement. The diagnostic phase revealed that most of the losses were associated with mold formation issues, coding errors, operational variability, lack of up-to-date standards, and insufficient technical training. Additionally, poor traceability of waste events and low visibility of their economic impact were identified. Fourteen corrective actions were designed, addressing technical, organizational, and management aspects. Among the key proposals were: visual inspection of packaging material prior to use, supplier audits, preventive maintenance reinforcement, consolidation of standardized work procedures, and visual dashboards for waste monitoring. These actions were prioritized using an effort-impact matrix and scheduled through a Gantt chart. The outcomes of this thesis provide a practical roadmap to reduce waste, strengthen process standardization, and promote a data-driven culture of continuous improvement. Although the scope of this project was limited to a specific production line, the methodology and tools used are broadly applicable to other processes within the company.
Description
Keywords
DMAIC, Nestlé, Envasado, Refrigerados, Desperdicio de productos, Estandarización de procesos, Eficiencia operativa, Mejora continua de procesos