Thesis PLASTICLAB: EXPERIENCIA EDUCATIVA ECOFORMATIVA SOBRE INNOVACIÓN AMBIENTAL Y RECICLAJE DEL PLÁSTICO.
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Date
2017
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Program
INGENIERÍA EN DISEÑO DE PRODUCTOS
Campus
Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María UTFSM. Casa Central Valparaíso
Abstract
Nuestro planeta Tierra alberga un complejo y delicado ecosistema, el cual ha sido concebido y diseñado bajo la exactitud y sabiduría del actuar de la naturaleza a lo largo del tiempo. Sin embargo, con el pasar de los años, la sociedad moderna ha deteriorado el medio ambiente, vulnerando el equilibrio entre espacio y habitante; lo que ha impactado en la sustentabilidad de nuestra raza. El nivel de consumo alcanzado por la humanidad, ha significado que hoy se necesite un planeta y medio para ser sostenibles, es decir, para que este nos proporcione los recursos que necesitamos y pueda absorber nuestros residuos; al 2050 se necesitarán dos (The world counts, 2017). La presente memoria se gesta con relación a las deficiencias medio ambientales del planeta. Mediante un pensamiento proyectual, se busca evidenciar áreas de oportunidad que promuevan el correcto convivir entre las comunidades y el espacio habitado; permitiendo el desarrollo de modelos sostenibles de investigación y negocios.A partir del enfoque definido, se analizan las principales necesidades y deficiencias ambientales tanto a nivel global como nacional. La información revela una gran brecha en materia de reciclaje existente entre Chile y otros países, principalmente europeos, los cuales cuentan con diversos sistemas de tratamiento y manejo de residuos adoptados por los ciudadanos: en contraste a nuestra precaria capacidad de gestión adecuada. En chile, esto se traduce en que solo un 17% de la sociedad recicla, cifra que ha ido cayendo en los últimos años (Adimark, 2015). Se identifica que el segmento joven de la población es al que menos le interesa el reciclaje. Se decide trabajar bajo el concepto de revalorización de material de desecho, al promover nuevos métodos de reciclaje efectivo, orientados a impulsar una consciencia ecológica en la sociedad o grupo humano. Se realiza un estudio práctico y teórico basado en tendencias de mercado con propuestas sustentables, logrando identificar nuevas tecnologías, una renovada legislación ambiental, estrategias de desarrollo industrial y conceptos de alianza y colaboratividad.Al estudiar referentes relacionados a temáticas ambientales, dentro y fuera del país, se logra dar con una multiplicidad de proyectos que apuntan a disminuir el impacto que tiene la sociedad moderna en el planeta. Un ejemplo es “Precious Plastic”, a cargo de Dave Hakkens, quienes impulsan una nueva tendencia en materia de reciclaje doméstico de plásticos. Ellos plantean el desarrollo de maquinaria recicladora hecha en casa, al ofrecer y liberar constantemente planos e instructivos que permiten a usuarios la construcción de ésta. De esta manera, se puede transformar el plástico que se desecha en el hogar, hasta llevarlo a distintos productos de consumo: maceteros, lámparas y otros artículos se confeccionan a partir de éste modelo de revalorización de material residual; siendo el filamento plástico para impresoras 3D fabricado en casa una de las soluciones más llamativas. Esto debido a la creciente utilización que ha tenido ésta tecnología, cuyas ventas se duplicaron el 2016 con respecto al 2015; alcanzando 455,772 unidades vendidas (Gartner, 2016). En base al referente analizado, se identifica un espacio abordable al relacionar problemáticas ambientales con tendencias de reciclaje aplicadas al área de fabricación digital, donde se busca ofrecer un material plástico de origen reciclado. Se evidencia una oportunidad al vincular el crecimiento de esta línea tecnológica con las deficiencias ambientales existentes hoy en día; orientando el reciclaje hacia la educación ambiental. El proyecto contempla generar una solución de material basada en el reciclaje de plásticos, la cual pueda ser aplicada en talleres de innovación y educación ambiental; aprovechando los espacios que generará una nueva Ley de Reciclaje en nuestro país, permitiendo promover una consciencia ecológica en estudiantes escolares. Para esto se testea la solución de material desarrollada con alumnos y profesionales del área del diseño y la construcción, como también se realizan talleres experienciales de innovación ambiental denominados “PLASTIC LAB”, donde a través de una docencia activa, se busca vincular a alumnos de tercero y cuarto medio, con el cuidado del medio ambiente, mediante la utilización de tecnologías modernas en procesos de reciclaje. Se diseña un servicio de educación ambiental, que contempla el uso del material residual, donde a través de charlas expositivas y dinámicas grupales de trabajo; se busca solución a distintos desafíos planteados por el taller. Finalmente, se documenta la percepción que tienen los asistentes de las experiencias sobre la utilización de materia prima reciclada, aplicadas con métodos de educación ambiental.Para esto se trabaja con un enfoque multidisciplinario, que permita llevar a cabo los procesos implicados en la revalorización del residuo. Se busca relacionar el proyecto con la comunidad al trabajar con material plástico de consumo masivo, como lo es principalmente el Polietileno de alta y baja densidad (HDPE y LDPE respectivamente). Se potencia la investigación al operar bajo un actuar colaborativo, que permita complementar el desarrollo del proyecto. Se busca generar alianzas estratégicas que faciliten la creación de una unidad de negocios sostenible en el tiempo. El escrito finaliza con posibles mejoras y objetivos para el largo y corto plazo del proyecto de emprendimiento planteado.
Our planet Earth supports a complex and delicate ecosystem, which has been conceived and designed under the accuracy and wisdom of nature's action over time. However, over the years, modern society has deteriorated the environment, violating the balance between space and inhabitant; which has impacted our race in sustainability. The level of consumption reached by humankind has meant that today a planet and a half are needed to be sustainable, that is, to provide us with the resources we need and can absorb our waste; 2050 will require two (The world counts, 2017). The present report is generated in relation to the environmental deficiencies of the planet. Through a project thought, it seeks to highlight areas of opportunity that promote the right coexistence between communities and the inhabited space; allowing the development of sustainable research and business models.Based on the defined approach, the main environmental needs and deficiencies are analyzed at both global and national levels. The information reveals a large gap in recycling between Chile and other countries, mainly European, which have different systems of treatment and waste management adopted by citizens: in contrast to our precarious capacity for proper management. In Chile, this means that only 17% of society recycles, a figure that has been falling in recent years (Adimark, 2015). It is identified that the young segment of the population is the least interested in recycling. It is decided to work under the concept of revaluation of waste material, promoting new methods of effective recycling, aimed at promoting an ecological awareness in society or human group. A practical and theoretical study is based on market trends with sustainable proposals, identifying new technologies, a renewed environmental legislation, industrial development strategies and concepts of alliance and collaboration.When studying references related to environmental issues, inside and outside the country, it is possible to find a multiplicity of projects that aim to reduce the impact of modern society on the planet. An example is "Precious Plastic", by Dave Hakkens, who drive a new trend in domestic plastics recycling. They pose the development of homemade recycling machinery, by constantly offering and releasing plans and instructions that allow users to construct it. In this way, the plastic that is discarded in the home can be transformed into different consumer products: pots, lamps and other articles are made from this model of revaluation of waste material; being the plastic filament for home-made 3D printers one of the most striking solutions. This is due to the increasing use of this technology, whose sales doubled in 2016 compared to 2015; reaching 455,772 units sold (Gartner, 2016). Based on the referent analyzed, an accessible space is identified by relating environmental problems with recycling trends applied to the digital manufacturing area, where it is sought to offer a recycled plastic material. There is an opportunity to link the growth of this technological line with the environmental deficiencies that exist today; directing recycling towards environmental education. The project contemplates generating a solution of material based on the recycling of plastics, which can be applied in innovation and environmental education workshops; taking advantage of the spaces that will generate a new Law of Recycling in our country, allowing to promote an ecological awareness in school students. For this we test the solution of material developed with students and professionals in the area of design and construction, as well as experiential workshops of environmental innovation called "PLASTIC LAB", where through active teaching, seeks to link students of third and fourth medium, with the care of the environment, through the use of modern technologies in recycling processes. An environmental education service is designed, which contemplates the use of the residual material, where through expositive talks and group work dynamics; a solution is sought to different challenges posed by the workshop. Finally, the audience's perception of experiences about the use of recycled raw materials, applied with environmental education methods, is documented.For this, a multidisciplinary approach is used to carry out the processes involved in the revaluation of the waste. It seeks to relate the project to the community by working with plastic material of mass consumption, as it is mainly high and low density polyethylene (HDPE and LDPE respectively). Research is strengthened by operating under a collaborative action, which allows to complement the development of the project. It seeks to generate strategic alliances that facilitate the creation of a sustainable business unit over time. The writing concludes with possible improvements and objectives for the long and short term of the entrepreneurship project proposed.
Our planet Earth supports a complex and delicate ecosystem, which has been conceived and designed under the accuracy and wisdom of nature's action over time. However, over the years, modern society has deteriorated the environment, violating the balance between space and inhabitant; which has impacted our race in sustainability. The level of consumption reached by humankind has meant that today a planet and a half are needed to be sustainable, that is, to provide us with the resources we need and can absorb our waste; 2050 will require two (The world counts, 2017). The present report is generated in relation to the environmental deficiencies of the planet. Through a project thought, it seeks to highlight areas of opportunity that promote the right coexistence between communities and the inhabited space; allowing the development of sustainable research and business models.Based on the defined approach, the main environmental needs and deficiencies are analyzed at both global and national levels. The information reveals a large gap in recycling between Chile and other countries, mainly European, which have different systems of treatment and waste management adopted by citizens: in contrast to our precarious capacity for proper management. In Chile, this means that only 17% of society recycles, a figure that has been falling in recent years (Adimark, 2015). It is identified that the young segment of the population is the least interested in recycling. It is decided to work under the concept of revaluation of waste material, promoting new methods of effective recycling, aimed at promoting an ecological awareness in society or human group. A practical and theoretical study is based on market trends with sustainable proposals, identifying new technologies, a renewed environmental legislation, industrial development strategies and concepts of alliance and collaboration.When studying references related to environmental issues, inside and outside the country, it is possible to find a multiplicity of projects that aim to reduce the impact of modern society on the planet. An example is "Precious Plastic", by Dave Hakkens, who drive a new trend in domestic plastics recycling. They pose the development of homemade recycling machinery, by constantly offering and releasing plans and instructions that allow users to construct it. In this way, the plastic that is discarded in the home can be transformed into different consumer products: pots, lamps and other articles are made from this model of revaluation of waste material; being the plastic filament for home-made 3D printers one of the most striking solutions. This is due to the increasing use of this technology, whose sales doubled in 2016 compared to 2015; reaching 455,772 units sold (Gartner, 2016). Based on the referent analyzed, an accessible space is identified by relating environmental problems with recycling trends applied to the digital manufacturing area, where it is sought to offer a recycled plastic material. There is an opportunity to link the growth of this technological line with the environmental deficiencies that exist today; directing recycling towards environmental education. The project contemplates generating a solution of material based on the recycling of plastics, which can be applied in innovation and environmental education workshops; taking advantage of the spaces that will generate a new Law of Recycling in our country, allowing to promote an ecological awareness in school students. For this we test the solution of material developed with students and professionals in the area of design and construction, as well as experiential workshops of environmental innovation called "PLASTIC LAB", where through active teaching, seeks to link students of third and fourth medium, with the care of the environment, through the use of modern technologies in recycling processes. An environmental education service is designed, which contemplates the use of the residual material, where through expositive talks and group work dynamics; a solution is sought to different challenges posed by the workshop. Finally, the audience's perception of experiences about the use of recycled raw materials, applied with environmental education methods, is documented.For this, a multidisciplinary approach is used to carry out the processes involved in the revaluation of the waste. It seeks to relate the project to the community by working with plastic material of mass consumption, as it is mainly high and low density polyethylene (HDPE and LDPE respectively). Research is strengthened by operating under a collaborative action, which allows to complement the development of the project. It seeks to generate strategic alliances that facilitate the creation of a sustainable business unit over time. The writing concludes with possible improvements and objectives for the long and short term of the entrepreneurship project proposed.
Description
Catalogado desde la version PDF de la tesis.
Keywords
COLABORATIVIDAD, EDUCACION AMBIENTAL, IMPRESION 3D, RECICLAJE, REVALORIZACION