Thesis ESTUDIO DE LA DESACTIVACIÓN DE CATALIZADORES DE OXIDACIÓN DE MOTORES DIESEL
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Date
2018-06
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Campus San Joaquín, Santiago
Abstract
Se quiere estudiar la desactivación de los catalizadores de oxidación que se utilizanen los buses del transporte público en la Región Metropolitana. Para esto se evaluaroncuatro catalizadores, tres de un material cerámico, uno nuevo, otro con siete añosde uso y uno contaminado con aceite producto del uso en un motor en mal estado. Elotro catalizador es un prototipo metálico que se encuentra sin uso. Estos dispositivosfueron sometidos a ciclos de conducción estacionarios, con una velocidad constante de1800rpm pero variando la carga entre 20 %, 50% y 80% de la capacidad máxima delmotor y otro ciclo transiente, llevando el motor a 1500rpm con un 30% de la cargamáxima, partiendo desde el reposo. El análisis de los gases se realizó con dos equiposdistintos entre sí, uno de estos es un analizador de gases de vehículos a gasolina, comolos utilizados en las plantas de revisión técnica, mientras que el otro es un equipoanalizador de gases de combustión industrial, el que se diseñó principalmente para lainspección de las emisiones en calderas, turbinas a gas y motores industriales.Para el montaje se tuvo que intervenir el sistema de escape del laboratorio, de modoque se puedan instalar los catalizadores. Durante los ensayos se midieron las concentracionesde CO y HC con el analizador de vehículos a gasolina y se midió CO y NOcon el analizador industrial, para así comparar las diferencias entre las emisiones registradascon cada equipo analizador. Estas mediciones se compararon con una línea baseque se midió sin un catalizador instalado. Finalmente se concluye que efectivamenteexiste una diferencia entre las capacidades de oxidación entre los catalizadores gastadosy el nuevo, siendo esta en promedio de un 10% para el caso del CO y el NO. Estadiferencia es similar en el caso del catalizador contaminado pero se alcanza una vez quese quemó gran parte del aceite contenido en este dispositivo. En el caso del catalizadormetálico, si bien hay una reducción de las emisiones, esta no es tan elevada, en comparación con los dispositivos cerámicos, ya que su reducción de CO tiene un promediode un 7 %, mientras que la reducción de NO no tiene una magnitud considerable.
The objective of this work is to study the deactivation of the diesel oxidation catalystused in the public transportation of the Metropolitan Region in Chile. To make thisstudy four catalysts were tested, three of them are made of ceramic. The first one isnew, the second has seven years of use and the third one has seven years of use andit is contaminated with oil, because of the use in an engine in poor condition. Thelast catalyst is a metallic prototype that is also new. This devices were subjected tostationary and transient conduction cycles. The stationary cycle consist of mantaininga speed of 1800rpm, varying the load between 20 %, 50% and 80% of the maximumcapacity of the engine. The transient cycle consist in starting the engine cold and theaccelerate it to 1500rpm with a load of 30 %. The emission analisys has been madewith two different devices, one of them is used in gasoline vehicles, and the other oneis an industrial combustion gas analyzer, that has been design mainly for the inspectionof boilers, gas turbines and industrial engines emissions.To make the assembly, the laboratory’s exhaust system had to be intervened sothat the catalysts could be installed. During the tests the concentrations of carbon monoxideand hydrocarbons were measured with the gasoline vehicles analyzer and theconcentrations of carbon monoxide and nitrongen monoxide were measured with theindustrial analyzer, so as well be able to compare the measurements of each analyzer.This measures were compared with a baseline, without a catalyst in the line. Finally itis concluded that effectively, there is a difference between the oxidation capacities ofthe used catalysts and the new one. This difference is on average 10% for the CO andNO emissions. This variance is similar for the case of the contaminated catalyst, but itreaches it once a large part of the oil contained in the device is burned. In the metalliccatalyst, altough there is a reduction in emissions, this is not so high compared to theceramic devices, since its reduction has an average of 7 %, while the reduction of NOdoes not have a considerable magnitude.
The objective of this work is to study the deactivation of the diesel oxidation catalystused in the public transportation of the Metropolitan Region in Chile. To make thisstudy four catalysts were tested, three of them are made of ceramic. The first one isnew, the second has seven years of use and the third one has seven years of use andit is contaminated with oil, because of the use in an engine in poor condition. Thelast catalyst is a metallic prototype that is also new. This devices were subjected tostationary and transient conduction cycles. The stationary cycle consist of mantaininga speed of 1800rpm, varying the load between 20 %, 50% and 80% of the maximumcapacity of the engine. The transient cycle consist in starting the engine cold and theaccelerate it to 1500rpm with a load of 30 %. The emission analisys has been madewith two different devices, one of them is used in gasoline vehicles, and the other oneis an industrial combustion gas analyzer, that has been design mainly for the inspectionof boilers, gas turbines and industrial engines emissions.To make the assembly, the laboratory’s exhaust system had to be intervened sothat the catalysts could be installed. During the tests the concentrations of carbon monoxideand hydrocarbons were measured with the gasoline vehicles analyzer and theconcentrations of carbon monoxide and nitrongen monoxide were measured with theindustrial analyzer, so as well be able to compare the measurements of each analyzer.This measures were compared with a baseline, without a catalyst in the line. Finally itis concluded that effectively, there is a difference between the oxidation capacities ofthe used catalysts and the new one. This difference is on average 10% for the CO andNO emissions. This variance is similar for the case of the contaminated catalyst, but itreaches it once a large part of the oil contained in the device is burned. In the metalliccatalyst, altough there is a reduction in emissions, this is not so high compared to theceramic devices, since its reduction has an average of 7 %, while the reduction of NOdoes not have a considerable magnitude.
Description
Catalogado desde la version PDF de la tesis.
Keywords
DESACTIVACION DE CATALIZADORES, EMISIONES VEHICULARES, MOTORES DIESEL, TRANSPORTE PUBLICO