Thesis EFECTO DEL GRADO DE COCCIÓN DE POROTOS EN LA MICROESTRUCTURA, MASTICACIÓN Y BIODISPONIBILIDAD DE GLUCOSA
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Date
2016
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Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María UTFSM. Casa Central Valparaíso
Abstract
Los seres humanos consumen alimentos, no nutrientes individuales. El proceso digestivo de los alimentos comienza en la boca, donde mediante la masticación se produce una reducción mecánica del tamaño del alimento, y continua en el estómago y el intestino delgado, donde mediante la acción de enzimas especializadas, se produce la liberación y absorción de los nutrientes presentes en el alimento. El objetivo principal de este trabajo es establecer el efecto entre el grado de cocción de porotos, el tamaño de partícula producido posterior a la masticación y su efecto en la liberación de glucosa durante la digestión in vitro, para lo cual se realizó la cocción de porotos en tres tiempos distintos (30, 45 y 60 minutos). Los porotos fueron masticados artificialmente utilizando tres ciclos de masticación distintos (4, 9 y 14). Se realizó el análisis de textura de los porotos midiendo la fuerza necesaria para fracturarlos, y se tomó micrografías para realizar el análisis de su microestructura. Se realizó la medición del tamaño de partícula mediante el diámetro medio (d50), y finalmente se realizó la digestión in vitro para conocer la concentración de glucosa liberada según el tiempo de cocción y los ciclos de masticación.Los resultados obtenidos muestran que, al aumentar el tiempo de cocción, la dureza de los porotos disminuye significativamente, obteniéndose valores entre los 289.47 N y los 192.55 N, para 30 y 60 minutos de cocción respectivamente. Sin embargo, no se aprecian diferencias en la microestructura de los porotos para los diferentes tiempos de cocción. Se determinó que solo el efecto de los ciclos de masticación es significativo en el tamaño de partícula posterior a la masticación. Por ejemplo, para porotos cocidos durante 30 minutos, masticados con una fuerza de 100 N, el tamaño de partícula obtenido para 4 y 14 ciclos de masticación fue de 2.1384 mm y 0.9661 mm, respectivamente, resultados significativamente distintos (p < 0.05). Los ciclos de masticación y el tiempo de cocción afectan de forma significativa la cantidad de glucosa liberada durante la digestión in vitro. Al aumentar el tiempo de cocción de 30 a 60 minutos, para 4 ciclos de masticación, la concentración de glucosa aumenta de 5.159 [g/L] a 7.035 [g/L], respectivamente. De igual forma, al aumentar los ciclos de masticación de 4 a 14 ciclos, para 30 minutos de cocción, la concentración aumenta de 5.159 [g/L] a 6.554 [g/L], respectivamente. Es decir, tanto el tamaño de partícula como la textura del alimento influyen en la cantidad de glucosa biodisponible.Con lo anterior, es posible concluir que el tiempo de cocción y el número de ciclos de masticación influyen de forma significativa en la biodisponibilidad de nutrientes.
Humans consume food, not individual nutrients. The digestive process of food begins in the mouth, where a mechanical reduction of the size of the food occurs by chewing, and continues in the stomach and small intestine, where through the action of specialized enzymes, the release and absorption of the nutrients present in the food takes place. The main objective of this work is to establish the effect between beans cooking degree, the particle size produced after chewing and its effect on the release of glucose during in vitro digestion, for which the beans were cooked using three different cooking times (30, 45 and 60 minutes). The beans were artificially chewed using three different chewing cycles (4, 9 and 14). The analysis of the texture of the beans was carried out by measuring the force necessary to fracture them, and micrographs were taken to perform the analysis of their microstructure. The particle size was measured by the mean diameter (d50), and finally the in vitro digestion was performed to know the concentration of glucose released according to the cooking time and chewing cycles.The results show that, by increasing the cooking time, the hardness of the beans decreases significantly, getting values between 289.47 N and 192.55 N, for 30 and 60 minutes of cooking respectively. However, no differences were observed in the microstructure of the beans for the different cooking times. It was determined that only the effect of chewing cycles is significant on the particle size after chewing. For example, for beans cooked during 30 minutes, and chewed with a force of 100 N, the particle size obtained for 4 and 14 chewing cycles was 2.1384 mm and 0.9661 mm, respectively, results that are significantly different (p < 0.05). Chewing cycles and cooking time significantly affect the amount of glucose released during in vitro digestion. As the cooking time increases from 30 to 60 minutes, for 4 chewing cycles, the glucose concentration increases from 5.159 [g/L] to 7.035 [g/L], respectively. Similarly, as the chewing cycles increase from 4 to 14 cycles, for a 30 minutes cooking time, the concentration increases from 5.159 [g/L] to 6.554 [g/L], respectively. That is, the particle size and the texture of the food, influence the amount of bioavailable glucose.It is possible to conclude that the cooking time and the number of chewing cycles significantly influence the bioavailability of nutrients.
Humans consume food, not individual nutrients. The digestive process of food begins in the mouth, where a mechanical reduction of the size of the food occurs by chewing, and continues in the stomach and small intestine, where through the action of specialized enzymes, the release and absorption of the nutrients present in the food takes place. The main objective of this work is to establish the effect between beans cooking degree, the particle size produced after chewing and its effect on the release of glucose during in vitro digestion, for which the beans were cooked using three different cooking times (30, 45 and 60 minutes). The beans were artificially chewed using three different chewing cycles (4, 9 and 14). The analysis of the texture of the beans was carried out by measuring the force necessary to fracture them, and micrographs were taken to perform the analysis of their microstructure. The particle size was measured by the mean diameter (d50), and finally the in vitro digestion was performed to know the concentration of glucose released according to the cooking time and chewing cycles.The results show that, by increasing the cooking time, the hardness of the beans decreases significantly, getting values between 289.47 N and 192.55 N, for 30 and 60 minutes of cooking respectively. However, no differences were observed in the microstructure of the beans for the different cooking times. It was determined that only the effect of chewing cycles is significant on the particle size after chewing. For example, for beans cooked during 30 minutes, and chewed with a force of 100 N, the particle size obtained for 4 and 14 chewing cycles was 2.1384 mm and 0.9661 mm, respectively, results that are significantly different (p < 0.05). Chewing cycles and cooking time significantly affect the amount of glucose released during in vitro digestion. As the cooking time increases from 30 to 60 minutes, for 4 chewing cycles, the glucose concentration increases from 5.159 [g/L] to 7.035 [g/L], respectively. Similarly, as the chewing cycles increase from 4 to 14 cycles, for a 30 minutes cooking time, the concentration increases from 5.159 [g/L] to 6.554 [g/L], respectively. That is, the particle size and the texture of the food, influence the amount of bioavailable glucose.It is possible to conclude that the cooking time and the number of chewing cycles significantly influence the bioavailability of nutrients.
Description
Catalogado desde la version PDF de la tesis.
Keywords
ABSORCION DE NUTRIENTES, DIGESTION, LIBERACION DE GLUCOSA, POROTOS