Thesis PREFACTIBILIDAD TÉCNICA ECONÓMICA DE INSTALAR UN GSA PARA EL MERCADO DE LA CARGA AÉREA DE CHILE HACIA MIAMI, ESTADOS UNIDOS.
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Date
2004-11
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Program
INGENIERÍA EN AVIACIÓN COMERCIAL
Campus
Campus Vitacura, Santiago
Abstract
La presente memoria de título se enmarca en una Evaluación de Proyectos basada en la instalación de un GSA en el Mercado de la carga aérea de Santiago de Chile a Miami, Estados Unidos. Definiendo a éste, como representante de aerolíneas en un mercado externo, desarrollando los procesos de comercialización y coordinación de las operaciones de servicios de carga. Este estudio comenzó con las definiciones necesarias para comprender los términos especialmente los aeronáuticos utilizados en el proyecto. Luego se detalla una síntesis para dar a conocer por qué se realizó este estudio y para qué En el capítulo tercero, se realizó un Estudio de Mercado, en el cual se dividieron los análisis en un Macro y un Microentorno. Con respecto al Macroentorno, éste se analizó en forma amplia con el objetivo d visualizar aspectos económicos, sociales, tecnológicos y políticos de Chile, además de analizar las relaciones bilaterales con Estados Unidos especialmente en lo económico para determinar finalmente las proyecciones y condiciones del ambiente externo del proyecto. Finalmente en base a las proyecciones de las exportaciones y el análisis de los productos y sectores de la economía, se identificaron las principales variables externas que influyeron en algunas determinaciones de demanda y el horizonte de planificación. Luego se estudió el Microentorno, con el objetivo principal de determinar las proyecciones de demanda, establecer los precios promedios, que para esta empresa fue de US$ 0.0465 por kilogramo vendido. Además se definió el negocio, los actores involucrados, la competencia para finalmente plantear una estrategia comercial para cumplir con los objetivos de satisfacer la demanda. Además se analizaron los recursos de la empresa, estableciendo como principal recurso el equipo de trabajo. Con este estudio se determinó que el horizonte de planificación fuera para 10 años, con un crecimiento anual promedio de un 6.1% es decir casi el doble del crecimiento del PIB mundial. Y en base a las aerolíneas que entraron al Mercado de Carga de Chile a Estados Unidos apoyado además por la opinión de expertos, se determinó que la participación para el primer año fuera de un 4% con un incremento anual del 1.5% para los próximos años.
En el capítulo quinto se analiza el estudio técnico en el cual se detallan los procesos del negocio, los equipos necesarios y su ubicación. De éste se concluyó que es relativamente simple instalar en Chile un GSA, y técnicamente barato. Luego se analizaron los estudios legales, administrativos. Con el objetivo para el primero de determinar que sociedad va a formar, en este caso un Sociedad Anónima Cerrada y sus características. Para el segundo se determinó una estructura organizacional donde se detallan los cargos específicos y los requisitos para cumplir con las funciones de este negocio. Finalmente se realizó un estudio económico en el cual se reunió la información de los anteriores estudios para cuantificarlos y así determinar los ingresos y egresos, como también la inversión necesaria, la cual asciende a un monto de US$ 103.960, cifra que incluye el Capital de trabajo de los cinco primeros meses de operación, la inversión en activos y los gastos de puesta en marcha. Luego se efectuaron los flujos de caja para los proyectos puro y con financiamiento del50% y 75%. Estos índices fueron favorables para el proyecto en las diferentes condiciones anteriores. El más rentable y atractivo fue el proyecto financiado al 75%,obteniendo un VAN de US$77.695,95 y una TIR del 35,46%, valores que permiten determinar que el proyecto es viable financieramente. Finalmente se realizó un análisis de sensibilidad en el cual se determinó que el proyecto es muy sensible a las variaciones de los precios y demanda. Soportando una máxima variación de un 11% de las Ventas o baja en los precios. Esto principalmente debido a que las proyecciones de participación de mercado fueron hechas en forma bastante recatada, debido a la dependencia de la oferta de la aerolínea.
The present memory of title is framed in an Evaluation of Projects based on theinstallation of a GSA in the Air Cargo Market of Santiago from Chile to Miami, UnitedStates. Defining this one, like representative of airlines in an external market, developingto the processes of commercialization and coordination of the operations of cargoservices. This study began with the definitions necessary to understand the used termsspecially the aeronautical ones in the project. Then a synthesis is detailed to present whythis study was made. In the chapter third, Market was studied and divided in Global andInternal Market.. With respect to Global Market, this one was analyzed in ample formwith the objective to visualize economic, social, technological and political aspects ofChile, besides to analyze the bilateral relations with the United States specially in theeconomic thing to determine finally the projections and conditions of the externalatmosphere of the project. Finally on the basis of the projections of the exports and theanalysis of products and sectors of the economy, the main external variables wereidentified that influenced in some determinations of demand and the planning horizon.Soon Internal Market studied, with the primary target to determine the demandprojections, to establish the prices averages, obtaining of US$ 0.0465 by sold kilogram.In addition the business, the involved actors, the competition finally to raise acommercial strategy was defined to fulfill the objectives to satisfy the demand. Inaddition the resources of the company were analyzed, establishing like main resource,the human one. The 6,1% was determined for industry growth and that the planninghorizon was for 10 years, with an annual growth is to almost say the double of thegrowth of the world-wide GIP. And on the basis of the airlines that entered the air CargoMarket from Chile to the United States supported in addition by experts opinion , themarket share for the first year would be 4% with an annual increase of 1,5% for the nextyears was determined for the company. In the chapter fifth the technical study isanalyzed in which the processes of the business are detailed, the necessary equipmentand their location. Of this one concluded that it is relatively simple to install in Chile aGSA, and technically cheap. Soon the legal and administrative studies were analyzed.With the objective for first determining which society is going to form, in this case a Joint-stock company Closed and its characteristics. For the second an organizationalstructure was determined where to the specific positions and the requirements aredetailed to fulfill the functions of this business. Finally an economic study was made inwhich the information of the previous studies met to quantify them and thus todetermine the income and debits, like also the necessary investment, which ascends to anamount of US$ 103.960, number that includes the Capital of work of the five firstmonths of operation, the investment in assets and the expenses of beginning. Soon thecash flow projects, pure and with financing of 50% and 75% took place. These indiceswere favorable for the project in the different previous conditions. Most profitable andattractive it was the project financed to 75%, obtaining Net Actual Value of US$77.695,95 and a TIR of 35.46%, values that allow to determine that the project is viablefinancially. Finally a sensitivity analysis was made in which it was determined that theproject is very sensible to the variations of the prices and demands. Supporting to a topvariation for 11% of the Sales or low in the prices. This mainly because the projectionsof participation of market were done in form hidden enough, due to the dependency ofthe supply of the airline.
The present memory of title is framed in an Evaluation of Projects based on theinstallation of a GSA in the Air Cargo Market of Santiago from Chile to Miami, UnitedStates. Defining this one, like representative of airlines in an external market, developingto the processes of commercialization and coordination of the operations of cargoservices. This study began with the definitions necessary to understand the used termsspecially the aeronautical ones in the project. Then a synthesis is detailed to present whythis study was made. In the chapter third, Market was studied and divided in Global andInternal Market.. With respect to Global Market, this one was analyzed in ample formwith the objective to visualize economic, social, technological and political aspects ofChile, besides to analyze the bilateral relations with the United States specially in theeconomic thing to determine finally the projections and conditions of the externalatmosphere of the project. Finally on the basis of the projections of the exports and theanalysis of products and sectors of the economy, the main external variables wereidentified that influenced in some determinations of demand and the planning horizon.Soon Internal Market studied, with the primary target to determine the demandprojections, to establish the prices averages, obtaining of US$ 0.0465 by sold kilogram.In addition the business, the involved actors, the competition finally to raise acommercial strategy was defined to fulfill the objectives to satisfy the demand. Inaddition the resources of the company were analyzed, establishing like main resource,the human one. The 6,1% was determined for industry growth and that the planninghorizon was for 10 years, with an annual growth is to almost say the double of thegrowth of the world-wide GIP. And on the basis of the airlines that entered the air CargoMarket from Chile to the United States supported in addition by experts opinion , themarket share for the first year would be 4% with an annual increase of 1,5% for the nextyears was determined for the company. In the chapter fifth the technical study isanalyzed in which the processes of the business are detailed, the necessary equipmentand their location. Of this one concluded that it is relatively simple to install in Chile aGSA, and technically cheap. Soon the legal and administrative studies were analyzed.With the objective for first determining which society is going to form, in this case a Joint-stock company Closed and its characteristics. For the second an organizationalstructure was determined where to the specific positions and the requirements aredetailed to fulfill the functions of this business. Finally an economic study was made inwhich the information of the previous studies met to quantify them and thus todetermine the income and debits, like also the necessary investment, which ascends to anamount of US$ 103.960, number that includes the Capital of work of the five firstmonths of operation, the investment in assets and the expenses of beginning. Soon thecash flow projects, pure and with financing of 50% and 75% took place. These indiceswere favorable for the project in the different previous conditions. Most profitable andattractive it was the project financed to 75%, obtaining Net Actual Value of US$77.695,95 and a TIR of 35.46%, values that allow to determine that the project is viablefinancially. Finally a sensitivity analysis was made in which it was determined that theproject is very sensible to the variations of the prices and demands. Supporting to a topvariation for 11% of the Sales or low in the prices. This mainly because the projectionsof participation of market were done in form hidden enough, due to the dependency ofthe supply of the airline.
Description
Keywords
CARGA AÉREA, AERONAUTICA COMERCIAL -- CARGA