Thesis EFECTO DE LA MICROESTRUCTURA DE UN ALIMENTO DURANTE EL PROCESO DE DIGESTIÓN IN VITRO: EFECTO DE LA REDUCCÓN DE TAMAÑO EN EL PROCESO DE DIFUSIÓN DE β-CAROTENO CONTENIDO EN PASTAS FRESCAS
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Date
2018
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
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Program
INGENIERÍA CIVIL QUÍMICA
Campus
Casa Central Valparaíso
Abstract
Las pastas son uno de los alimentos a base de cereales más tradicionales y de mayor consumo en nuestro país. La pasta representa un excelente alimento modelo para la incorporación de nutrientes específicos por ejemplo fibra, vitaminas y minerales.
El β-caroteno es la principal fuente de vitamina A, esencial para el crecimiento y el desarrollo normal, el funcionamiento del sistema inmunitario y la vista además tiene propiedades antioxidantes
El objetivo general de esta investigación es estudiar el efecto de la encapsulación de β-caroteno en pastas frescas, determinando la influencia de los ciclos de masticación y tiempos de cocción en la liberación de β-caroteno durante la digestión in vitro.
Se realizó una digestión in vitro la cual consta de tres etapas: fase de masticación, fase gástrica con una duración de 30 minutos, y fase intestinal de 120 minutos. Se utilizaron tres tiempos de cocción (15, 60 y 105 segundos) y tres ciclos de masticación (5, 10 y 20), determinando la distribución de tamaño de partícula y la liberación de β-caroteno durante la digestión
Los resultados mostraron que tanto los ciclos de masticación y tiempos de cocción producen un efecto inversamente proporcional al tamaño de partícula. El promedio del tamaño de partícula para los ciclos de masticación 5, 10 y 20, fueron de 1,41 ± 0,47 cm2, 1,15 ± 0,29 cm2, 0,71 ± 0,09 cm2 respectivamente.
La mayor liberación de β-caroteno se obtuvo con el tiempo de cocción 105 y ciclo de masticación 20, la cual corresponde a 26,761 μg/g de pasta. Sin embargo, no se presentaron diferencias significativas entre los distintos tratamientos durante la fase gástrica e intestinal, mientras que si se obtuvieron diferencias significativas en la interacción de post masticación y fase gástrica.
La cantidad de β-caroteno liberado al final de la digestión es de un 0,53%, estableciéndose de esta manera la matriz de la pasta encapsula al β-caroteno, evitando la liberación a lo largo del proceso digestivo.
Pasta is one of the most traditional and most consumed cereal-based foods in our country. The pasta represents an excellent model food for the incorporation of specific nutrients such as fiber, vitamins and minerals. β-carotene is the main source of vitamin A, essential for normal growth and development, the functioning of the immune system and also has antioxidant properties The general objective of this research is to study the effect of the encapsulation of β-carotene in fresh pasta, determining the influence of mastication cycles and cooking times on the release of β-carotene during in vitro digestion. An in vitro digestion was performed, which consists of three stages: chewing phase, gastric phase with a duration of 30 minutes, and intestinal phase of 120 minutes. Three cooking times (15, 60 and 105 seconds) and three cycles of mastication (5, 10 and 20) were used, determining the particle size distribution and the release of β-carotene during the digestion. The results showed that both the cycles of chewing and cooking times produce an effect inversely proportional to the particle size. The average particle size for mastication cycles 5, 10 and 20 were 1.41 ± 0.47 cm2, 1.15 ± 0.29 cm2, 0.71 ± 0.09 cm2, respectively. The highest release of β-carotene was obtained with the cooking time 105 and chewing cycle 20, which corresponds to 26,761 [μg/ml]. However, there were no significant differences between the different treatments during the gastric and intestinal phase, whereas significant differences were found in the interaction of post-mastication and gastric phase. The amount of β-carotene released at the end of the digestion is 0.53%, establishing in this way the pasta matrix encapsulates the β-carotene, preventing the release throughout the digestive process.
Pasta is one of the most traditional and most consumed cereal-based foods in our country. The pasta represents an excellent model food for the incorporation of specific nutrients such as fiber, vitamins and minerals. β-carotene is the main source of vitamin A, essential for normal growth and development, the functioning of the immune system and also has antioxidant properties The general objective of this research is to study the effect of the encapsulation of β-carotene in fresh pasta, determining the influence of mastication cycles and cooking times on the release of β-carotene during in vitro digestion. An in vitro digestion was performed, which consists of three stages: chewing phase, gastric phase with a duration of 30 minutes, and intestinal phase of 120 minutes. Three cooking times (15, 60 and 105 seconds) and three cycles of mastication (5, 10 and 20) were used, determining the particle size distribution and the release of β-carotene during the digestion. The results showed that both the cycles of chewing and cooking times produce an effect inversely proportional to the particle size. The average particle size for mastication cycles 5, 10 and 20 were 1.41 ± 0.47 cm2, 1.15 ± 0.29 cm2, 0.71 ± 0.09 cm2, respectively. The highest release of β-carotene was obtained with the cooking time 105 and chewing cycle 20, which corresponds to 26,761 [μg/ml]. However, there were no significant differences between the different treatments during the gastric and intestinal phase, whereas significant differences were found in the interaction of post-mastication and gastric phase. The amount of β-carotene released at the end of the digestion is 0.53%, establishing in this way the pasta matrix encapsulates the β-carotene, preventing the release throughout the digestive process.
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Keywords
β-CAROTENO, PASTAS FRESCAS, DIGESTION IN VITRO