Thesis Elaboración del diagnóstico de rehabilitar el sistema de ventilación del Teatro Municipal de Santiago
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Date
2025-03
Authors
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Journal ISSN
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Program
Ingeniería Mecánica Industrial
Campus
Campus Casa Central Valparaíso
Abstract
Este estudio tiene como objetivo evaluar el sistema de ventilación del Teatro Municipal de Santiago (TMS) y proponer soluciones para su rehabilitación. Este emblemático edificio del siglo XIX presenta deficiencias en ventilación y climatización, afectando la comodidad del público y las condiciones laborales de los artistas y el personal técnico.
El diagnóstico se basa en la recopilación de información sobre el estado actual del sistema, la evaluación de su operatividad, el análisis normativo y la comparación con otros teatros nacionales e internacionales. Se identificaron problemas como la ineficiencia de los equipos, falta de mantenimiento, ruido excesivo y mala distribución del aire en la Sala Principal. Además, se revisó la evolución histórica de los sistemas de ventilación en teatros y casos emblemáticos de mejoras en edificios patrimoniales. Se analizaron las características arquitectónicas del TMS que afectan la climatización, como la gran altura de la sala y la acumulación de calor en niveles superiores. Se constató que el equipamiento es obsoleto y su uso inadecuado agrava los problemas térmicos. En la comparación con otros teatros chilenos, se evidenció la implementación de sistemas modernos como climatización híbrida y automatización avanzada, los cuales podrían aplicarse al TMS respetando su valor patrimonial.
El análisis técnico incluyó mediciones de temperatura y humedad en distintos puntos del teatro durante eventos de alta ocupación. Se detectaron fallas en los ventiladores, vibraciones excesivas y niveles de ruido elevados. Desde el punto de vista normativo, se verificó que el sistema actual no cumple con estándares nacionales e internacionales de calidad del aire en edificios públicos. La propuesta de rehabilitación incluye la modernización y reacondicionamiento de los equipos de inyección y extracción, la optimización del control de flujo de aire y temperatura, la mejora del aislamiento térmico y acústico, y la incorporación de estrategias de eficiencia energética. Además, se enfatiza la necesidad de un mantenimiento adecuado para garantizar su funcionamiento a largo plazo.
La rehabilitación del sistema de ventilación del TMS es una necesidad urgente que impactará en la experiencia del público, el desempeño de los trabajadores y la preservación del edificio. La implementación de soluciones adecuadas permitirá transformar el teatro en un espacio más confortable y sostenible, alineado con los estándares internacionales de climatización para recintos culturales, respetando la esencia patrimonial del Teatro Municipal de Santiago.
This study aims to evaluate the ventilation system of the Teatro Municipal de Santiago (TMS) and propose solutions for its rehabilitation. This emblematic 19th-century building presents deficiencies in ventilation and air conditioning, affecting the comfort of the audience and the working conditions of the artists and technical staff. The diagnosis is based on gathering information about the current state of the system, evaluating its operability, conducting a regulatory analysis, and comparing it with other national and international theaters. Problems such as equipment inefficiency, lack of maintenance, excessive noise, and poor air distribution in the Main Hall were identified. Additionally, the historical evolution of ventilation systems in theaters and emblematic cases of improvements in heritage buildings were reviewed. The architectural features of the TMS that affect air conditioning, such as the great height of the hall and heat accumulation in the upper levels, were analyzed. It was found that the equipment is obsolete and that its inadequate use worsens thermal issues. Compared to other Chilean theaters, the implementation of modern systems such as hybrid air conditioning and advanced automation was evident, which could be applied to the TMS while respecting its heritage value. The technical analysis included temperature and humidity measurements in different areas of the theater during high-occupancy events. Failures in the fans, excessive vibrations, and high noise levels were detected. From a regulatory standpoint, it was verified that the current system does not comply with national and international standards for air quality in public buildings. The rehabilitation proposal includes the modernization and refurbishment of injection and extraction equipment, optimization of air and temperature flow control, improvement of thermal and acoustic insulation, and the incorporation of energy efficiency strategies. Additionally, the need for proper maintenance is emphasized to ensure its long-term operation. The rehabilitation of the TMS ventilation system is an urgent necessity that will impact the audience's experience, the workers' performance, and the preservation of the building. The implementation of suitable solutions will transform the theater into a more comfortable and sustainable space, aligned with international air conditioning standards for cultural venues while respecting the heritage essence of the Teatro Municipal de Santiago.
This study aims to evaluate the ventilation system of the Teatro Municipal de Santiago (TMS) and propose solutions for its rehabilitation. This emblematic 19th-century building presents deficiencies in ventilation and air conditioning, affecting the comfort of the audience and the working conditions of the artists and technical staff. The diagnosis is based on gathering information about the current state of the system, evaluating its operability, conducting a regulatory analysis, and comparing it with other national and international theaters. Problems such as equipment inefficiency, lack of maintenance, excessive noise, and poor air distribution in the Main Hall were identified. Additionally, the historical evolution of ventilation systems in theaters and emblematic cases of improvements in heritage buildings were reviewed. The architectural features of the TMS that affect air conditioning, such as the great height of the hall and heat accumulation in the upper levels, were analyzed. It was found that the equipment is obsolete and that its inadequate use worsens thermal issues. Compared to other Chilean theaters, the implementation of modern systems such as hybrid air conditioning and advanced automation was evident, which could be applied to the TMS while respecting its heritage value. The technical analysis included temperature and humidity measurements in different areas of the theater during high-occupancy events. Failures in the fans, excessive vibrations, and high noise levels were detected. From a regulatory standpoint, it was verified that the current system does not comply with national and international standards for air quality in public buildings. The rehabilitation proposal includes the modernization and refurbishment of injection and extraction equipment, optimization of air and temperature flow control, improvement of thermal and acoustic insulation, and the incorporation of energy efficiency strategies. Additionally, the need for proper maintenance is emphasized to ensure its long-term operation. The rehabilitation of the TMS ventilation system is an urgent necessity that will impact the audience's experience, the workers' performance, and the preservation of the building. The implementation of suitable solutions will transform the theater into a more comfortable and sustainable space, aligned with international air conditioning standards for cultural venues while respecting the heritage essence of the Teatro Municipal de Santiago.
Description
Keywords
Calefacción y ventilación, Eficiencia energética, Satisfacción del consumidor
