Thesis Educación financiera y comportamiento crediticio en jóvenes chilenos: un análisis econométrico del endeudamiento y sus determinantes
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Date
2025
Authors
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Program
Ingeniería Comercial
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Campus
Campus Santiago Vitacura
Abstract
El endeudamiento juvenil constituye un fenómeno creciente en Chile, que plantea desafíos relevantes para la autonomía económica y la inclusión financiera. Este estudio tiene por objetivo analizar los factores que influyen en el endeudamiento de jóvenes chilenos, considerando dimensiones de educación financiera, hábitos de gestión económica personal, experiencia crediticia y uso del sistema financiero. Para ello, se aplicó una encuesta a jóvenes urbanos y se estimó un modelo econométrico con el fin de identificar la contribución relativa de estos factores a la probabilidad de endeudamiento. Los resultados muestran que el endeudamiento juvenil se explica principalmente por variables conductuales y experienciales. Los hábitos financieros, particularmente la planificación, el registro de ahorro y la organización de gastos, constituyen factores protectores frente al endeudamiento, mientras que la morosidad histórica, el uso activo de tarjetas de crédito y los impagos por mala planificación aumentan significativamente la probabilidad de presentar deudas. Asimismo, la educación financiera percibida demuestra un efecto protector moderado, mientras que la educación financiera objetiva y la influencia familiar o social no presentan efectos relevantes una vez controladas las demás variables. Estos hallazgos se alinean con la literatura, que destaca el rol de la autoeficacia, los hábitos financieros y la interacción cotidiana con el crédito por sobre el conocimiento financiero teórico. A partir de ello, se concluye que los programas y políticas de educación financiera deberían incorporar herramientas prácticas, fortalecer la autoconfianza financiera y promover hábitos económicos saludables desde edades tempranas. Finalmente, se proponen líneas de investigación futura orientadas a estudios longitudinales y al análisis de variables psicológicas asociadas al comportamiento financiero juvenil.
Youth indebtedness is an increasingly prevalent phenomenon in Chile and has significant challenges for economic autonomy and financial inclusion. This research aims to analyze the factors that influence the indebtedness of young Chileans, considering the following dimensions: financial education, personal financial management habits, credit history, and the use of the financial system. To this end, a digital survey was administered to urban youth, and an econometric model was estimated to identify the relative contribution of these factors to the probability of indebtedness. The results show that youth indebtedness is mainly explained by behavioral and experiential variables. Financial habits, particularly planning, saving records, and expenditure organization, constitute protective factors against indebtedness, while past-due, active use of credit cards, and payment defaults resulting from a deficient planning significantly increase the probability of having debt. Likewise, perceived financial education demonstrates a moderate protective effect, whereas objective financial knowledge and family or social influence do not show significant effects once the remaining variables are controlled for. These findings are aligned with those of literature, which emphasizes the role of self-efficacy, financial habits, and day-to-day interaction with credit over theoretical financial knowledge. Based on this evidence, it is concluded that financial education programs and policies should incorporate practical tools, strengthen financial self-confidence, and promote healthy financial habits from an early age. Finally, future research lines are proposed, including longitudinal studies and the analysis of psychological variables associated with youth financial behavior.
Youth indebtedness is an increasingly prevalent phenomenon in Chile and has significant challenges for economic autonomy and financial inclusion. This research aims to analyze the factors that influence the indebtedness of young Chileans, considering the following dimensions: financial education, personal financial management habits, credit history, and the use of the financial system. To this end, a digital survey was administered to urban youth, and an econometric model was estimated to identify the relative contribution of these factors to the probability of indebtedness. The results show that youth indebtedness is mainly explained by behavioral and experiential variables. Financial habits, particularly planning, saving records, and expenditure organization, constitute protective factors against indebtedness, while past-due, active use of credit cards, and payment defaults resulting from a deficient planning significantly increase the probability of having debt. Likewise, perceived financial education demonstrates a moderate protective effect, whereas objective financial knowledge and family or social influence do not show significant effects once the remaining variables are controlled for. These findings are aligned with those of literature, which emphasizes the role of self-efficacy, financial habits, and day-to-day interaction with credit over theoretical financial knowledge. Based on this evidence, it is concluded that financial education programs and policies should incorporate practical tools, strengthen financial self-confidence, and promote healthy financial habits from an early age. Finally, future research lines are proposed, including longitudinal studies and the analysis of psychological variables associated with youth financial behavior.
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Keywords
Endeudamiento juvenil, Educación financiera, Modelos econométricos, Uso del crédito, Morosidad, Gestión económica personal
