Thesis EFECTOS SOBRE LA PRODUCCIÓN DE GAS DE SÍNTESIS POR MEDIO DE LA COMBUSTIÓN DE CH4 Y CO2 A TRAVÉS DE UN MEDIO POROSO USANDO VAPOR DE AGUA EN LA REACCIÓN
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Date
2015-04
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Program
DEPARTAMENTO DE INGENIERÍA MECÁNICA. INGENIERÍA CIVIL MECÁNICA – MENCIÓN ENERGÍA
Campus
Casa Central Valparaíso
Abstract
El presente informe está basado en el proyecto de investigación USM-DGIP 251367. El
estudio experimental realizado consistió en analizar el efecto de la adición de vapor de agua
durante la combustión y oxidación parcial de mezclas de Biogás (CH4 y CO2) y aire en un
reactor empacado con pequeñas esferas de alúmina (medio poroso inerte), con el objetivo de
determinar la producción de H2 y CO (gas de síntesis o syngas). Adicionalmente, se realiza
un estudio acabado de los perfiles de temperatura obtenidos en distintos puntos de medición
dentro del reactor, con sus respectivos valores máximos y mínimos, velocidades de filtración
del flujo de mezcla aire-combustible-vapor y velocidad del frente de llama de combustión.
Los grados de conversión de CH4 a H2 y CH4 a CO para la producción de syngas, fueron
determinados dentro de un rango de equivalencias combustible-aire (φ) desde φ =0.8
(mezclas pobres inferiores a 1) hasta φ=1.8 (mezclas ricas, superiores a 1), para un flujo de
aire-combustible-vapor constante e igual a 8 [lt/min]. Para dicho flujo y el rango de
equivalencias indicado, se usaron concentraciones de Biogás como combustible de 55[%] de
CH4 y 45[%] de CO2 y otra de 70[%] de CH4 y 30[%] de CO2, manteniendo constante la
cantidad de vapor de agua inyectado en cada caso, equivalente a un 20% del flujo total de
mezcla y variando sólo la composición del biogás para mantener una velocidad de filtración
constante. La inyección de vapor de agua en el proceso de oxidación parcial de biogás,
generó un aumento significativo de la producción de H2 en los gases producto del proceso de
combustión, alcanzándose valores de hasta casi un19% de acuerdo a los resultados obtenidos.
Por otro lado, los grados de conversión máximos de CH4 en H2 y CO que se obtuvieron,
fueron de un 55[%] y un 67[%] respectivamente. En base a esto, los valores óptimos de
relaciones de equivalencias determinados fueron de φ=1.8 usando una composición de
Biogás de 70[%] de CH4 y 30[%] de CO2 sin vapor y de φ=1.8 igualmente, usando una
composición de Biogás de 70[%] de CH4 y 30[%] de CO2 en presencia de este. La inyección
de vapor en el proceso de combustión generó además una leve disminución de la temperatura
de combustión en el frente. Por ejemplo, para una concentración de 70[%] de CH4 y 30[%] de
CO2, se alcanzaron temperaturas del orden de los 1180[K] aproximadamente, mientras que
sin la inyección de vapor se alcanzaron temperaturas de hasta 1216[K].
The present report is based on the USM-DGIP 251367 investigation project. The experimental study that was made consisted in analyzing the effect of the action of steam during the partial combustion and oxidation of Biogas mixtures (CH4 and CO2) and the air in a reactor packed with small alumina spheres (inert and porous medium), with the objective of determining the production of H2 and CO (syngas). In addition, there is being made a study of the temperature profiles obtained at different measuring points within the reactor, with their respective maximum and minimum values, flow filtration velocity air-fuel-steam mixture and velocity of the front combustion flame. The conversion degrees of CH4 a H2 and CH4 a CO for the syngas production, were determined within a range of fuel- air equivalence (φ) from φ= 0.8 (lower lean mixtures 1) to φ = 1.8 (rich mixtures, above 1), for a flow of air-fuel- steam constant at 8 [l/min]. For that flow and the indicated equivalence range, concentrations of biogas as a fuel used 55 [%] of CH4 and 45 [%] de CO2 and other of 70 [%] of CH4 and 30 [%] de CO2, maintaining a constant amount of steam injected in each case, equal to 20 [%] of the total mixture flow and varying only the composition of the biogas to maintain a constant filtration. The steam injection into the partial oxidation process of Biogas generated a significant increase in the production of H2 in the gas, product of the combustion process, reaching values of almost 19 [%] according to the results. Furthermore, the maximum degree of conversion of CH4 in H2 and CO that were obtained, were 55 [%] and 67 [%] respectively. Based on this, the optimal values of equivalence ratios that were determined were of φ = 1.8 using Biogas composition of a 70 [%] of CH4 and 30 [%] of CO2 without water vapor and of φ = 1.8 equally, using a composition of Biogas of 70 [%] of CH4 and 30 [%] of CO2 in the presence of this. Steam injection into the combustion process also generated a slight decrease in temperature combustion front. Besides, the water vapor injection in the combustion process generated a slight decrease in front temperature combustion. For example, for a concentration of 70 [%] of CH4 and 30 [%] of CO2, temperatures of around 1180 [K] are approximately reached while without the steam injection temperatures were reached to 1216 [K].
The present report is based on the USM-DGIP 251367 investigation project. The experimental study that was made consisted in analyzing the effect of the action of steam during the partial combustion and oxidation of Biogas mixtures (CH4 and CO2) and the air in a reactor packed with small alumina spheres (inert and porous medium), with the objective of determining the production of H2 and CO (syngas). In addition, there is being made a study of the temperature profiles obtained at different measuring points within the reactor, with their respective maximum and minimum values, flow filtration velocity air-fuel-steam mixture and velocity of the front combustion flame. The conversion degrees of CH4 a H2 and CH4 a CO for the syngas production, were determined within a range of fuel- air equivalence (φ) from φ= 0.8 (lower lean mixtures 1) to φ = 1.8 (rich mixtures, above 1), for a flow of air-fuel- steam constant at 8 [l/min]. For that flow and the indicated equivalence range, concentrations of biogas as a fuel used 55 [%] of CH4 and 45 [%] de CO2 and other of 70 [%] of CH4 and 30 [%] de CO2, maintaining a constant amount of steam injected in each case, equal to 20 [%] of the total mixture flow and varying only the composition of the biogas to maintain a constant filtration. The steam injection into the partial oxidation process of Biogas generated a significant increase in the production of H2 in the gas, product of the combustion process, reaching values of almost 19 [%] according to the results. Furthermore, the maximum degree of conversion of CH4 in H2 and CO that were obtained, were 55 [%] and 67 [%] respectively. Based on this, the optimal values of equivalence ratios that were determined were of φ = 1.8 using Biogas composition of a 70 [%] of CH4 and 30 [%] of CO2 without water vapor and of φ = 1.8 equally, using a composition of Biogas of 70 [%] of CH4 and 30 [%] of CO2 in the presence of this. Steam injection into the combustion process also generated a slight decrease in temperature combustion front. Besides, the water vapor injection in the combustion process generated a slight decrease in front temperature combustion. For example, for a concentration of 70 [%] of CH4 and 30 [%] of CO2, temperatures of around 1180 [K] are approximately reached while without the steam injection temperatures were reached to 1216 [K].
Description
Keywords
SYNGAS