Thesis CREACIÓN E IMPLEMENTACIÓN DE UN SISTEMA DE COSTEO DIRECTO PARA LA PASTELERÍA “MORA LOUTIT SWEET SHOP”
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Date
2018
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Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María UTFSM. Campus Vitacura Santiago
Abstract
El presente trabajo tuvo como propósito el desarrollo de una estructura de costos para la Pastelería “Mora Loutit Sweet Shop (Pequeña Empresa, PYME), ubicada en la Quinta Región, Comuna de Concón, Chile.Esta empresa familiar, inició sus actividades en febrero del año 2017 y sus ventas a público en junio del mismo año. Su propósito es satisfacer el mercado de productos de pastelería elaborados sin azúcar, aportando con ello a una alimentación más saludable, al reemplazar en la mayoría de los productos elaborados el azúcar refinada por tagatosa, que es un endulzante de origen natural, de sabor idéntico al azúcar pero sin sus calorías, resistente a temperaturas y capaz de caramelizarse, libre de gluten y libre de lactosa.La creación de una Empresa, independientemente de su tamaño, es un desafío permanente que deben asumir los dueños, tarea que no es fácil de materializar, dado que, en una primera etapa, para su puesta en marcha, se requiere de una serie de autorizaciones y permisos (dependiendo del giro del negocio, que en este caso es la “fabricación de pan, productos de panadería y pastelería”), los que se deben tramitar ante diferentes organismos gubernamentales e instituciones, tales como: Ministerio de Economía (Creación de Empresa en “Tú Empresa en un Día”), Notaria (Constitución de Sociedad, Firmas Contratos de Arrendamiento, Personerías, otros), Servicio de Impuestos Internos (Obtención RUT Empresa; Giro, Inicio de Actividades; Timbraje de Documentos Tributarios), Ministerio de Salud (Resolución Sanitaria, Resolución de Calificación Ambiental), Superintendencia de Electricidad y Combustibles (Anexo TC1 Electricidad y Anexo TC6 Gas), Municipalidad (Permiso de Obras para habilitar Local Comercial, Patente Comercial), Servicios de Evaluación Ambiental (Consulta de Pertinencia Favorable y/o Resolución de Calificación Ambiental), por mencionar los más importantes. Por lo tanto, cada uno de estos documentos requiere plazos específicos de cumplimiento y desembolso de recursos para la obtención de permisos finales.En una segunda etapa, y después de obtener la totalidad de permisos, comienza la operación, gestión y administración de la empresa, siendo este proceso igual o más importante que las gestiones realizadas en la etapa anterior, porque una inadecuada gestión contable y/o administrativa, podría conllevar a que el negocio pudiera quebrar por falta de liquidez, es decir, no disponer de los recursos monetarios suficientes para cumplir con las obligaciones de corto plazo (capital de trabajo). Por lo anterior, y porque en la actualidad en la empresa “Mora Loutit Sweet Shop SpA” no se cuenta con un sistema de costeo, es que existe la necesidad real de contar con un modelo (herramienta) que permita proporcionar, a la administración, información contable y financiera relativa a sus costos de ventas, que aporte al negocio en la planeación operativa, análisis costo – volumen – utilidad y punto de equilibrio.Para lograr lo anterior, en primer lugar, se desarrolló en el marco teórico un estudio bibliográfico respecto de los distintos conceptos de costeo actualmente vigentes, centrando el foco en un sistema perpetuo de acumulación de costos por procesos, tipo de costo normal, enfoque directo, considerando la estructura de producción y costos actuales de la empresa.Posteriormente, se realizó una breve presentación de la empresa, en donde se dieron a conocer conceptos relacionados a las enfermedades actuales altamente relacionadas con hábitos alimenticios y sedentarismo, destacando la diabetes en sus tres categorías conocidas (Diabetes Tipo1, Diabetes tipo 2, Diabetes Getioacional), además de un breve análisis de la compañía y su entorno, abordando temas tales como la industria en donde se desenvuelve y el mercado al cual está orientado.Finalmente, a través del marco metodológico, definido en función de la operación y necesidades del negocio, se estableció una estructura de costeo para la Empresa “Mora Loutit Sweet Shop”, en la cual se desarrollaron 10 pasos lógicos, comenzando en el paso 1 con la identificación de los productos que serán costeados y finalizando en el paso 10 con la elaboración de indicadores de gestión, para obtener como resultado (entre otros) el margen de ganancia por productos, cálculo del punto de equilibrio y control de la caja en el corto plazo, logrando con ello cumplir el objetivo general definido relacionado a diseñar un sistema de costeo que proporcione información actualizada a la administración para el control, gestión y toma de decisiones.
The purpose of the present work was to develop a cost structure for the "Mora Loutit Sweet Shop" (Small Business, SME) located in the Fifth Region, Concón, Chile.This family business started its activities in February 2017 and its sales to public in June of the same year. Its purpose is to satisfy the market of processed pastry products without sugar, thus contributing to a healthier diet by replacing in most of the processed products the sugar refined by tagatose, which is a sweetener of natural origin, with a flavor identical to the sugar but without its calories, resistant to temperatures and capable of caramelizing, gluten-free and lactose-free.The creation of a company, regardless of its size, is a permanent challenge that must be assumed by the owners, a task that is not easy to materialize, since, in a first stage, a series of authorizations and permits (depending on the turn of the business, which in this case is the "manufacture of bread, bakery products"), which must be processed before different government agencies and institutions, such as: Ministry of Economy in "Your Company in a Day"), Notary (Incorporation of Companies, Leasing Contracts, Others), Internal Tax Service (RUT Company, Turnover, Start of Activities, Another Tax Documents), Ministry of Health (Sanitary Resolution, Environmental Qualification Resolution), Superintendency of Electricity and Fuels (Annex TC1 Electricity and Annex TC6 Gas), Municipality to enable Commercial Premises, Commercial Patents), Environmental Assessment Services (Consultation of Relevance and / or Resolution of Environmental Qualification), to mention the most important. Therefore, each of these documents requires specific deadlines for compliance and disbursement of resources to obtain final permits.In a second stage, and after obtaining all the permits, the operation, management and administration of the company begins. This process is equal to or more important than the efforts made in the previous stage, because an inadequate accounting and / or administrative management, could lead to the business could break due to lack of liquidity, that is, not having sufficient monetary resources to meet short-term obligations (working capital). Due to the above, and because currently in the company "Mora Loutit Sweet Shop SpA" does not have a costing system, is that there is a real need to have a model (tool) that allows to provide, accounting and financial information related to its sales costs, which contributes to the business in operational planning, cost - volume - profit - balance - point analysis, pricing and management control.In order to achieve this, in the first place, a bibliographical study was developed in the theoretical framework regarding the different costing concepts currently in force, focusing the focus on a perpetual system of process cost accumulation, normal cost type, direct approach, considering the production structure and current costs of the company.Later, a brief presentation of the company was made, where concepts related to current diseases highly related to eating habits and sedentarism were highlighted, highlighting diabetes in its three known categories (Diabetes Type 1, Diabetes Type 2, Diabetes Getioacional) , in addition to a brief analysis of the company and its environment, addressing issues such as the industry where it operates and the market to which it is oriented.Finally, through a methodological framework, defined according to the operation and business needs, a cost structure was established for the "Mora Loutit Sweet Shop" Company, in which 10 logical steps were developed, beginning in step 1 with the identification of the products to be financed and finalizing in step 10 with the elaboration of management indicators, to obtain as a result (among others) the profit margin by products, calculation of the point of balance and control of the box in the short term, thus achieving the general objective defined related to design a costing system that provides updated information to the administration for control, management and decision making.
The purpose of the present work was to develop a cost structure for the "Mora Loutit Sweet Shop" (Small Business, SME) located in the Fifth Region, Concón, Chile.This family business started its activities in February 2017 and its sales to public in June of the same year. Its purpose is to satisfy the market of processed pastry products without sugar, thus contributing to a healthier diet by replacing in most of the processed products the sugar refined by tagatose, which is a sweetener of natural origin, with a flavor identical to the sugar but without its calories, resistant to temperatures and capable of caramelizing, gluten-free and lactose-free.The creation of a company, regardless of its size, is a permanent challenge that must be assumed by the owners, a task that is not easy to materialize, since, in a first stage, a series of authorizations and permits (depending on the turn of the business, which in this case is the "manufacture of bread, bakery products"), which must be processed before different government agencies and institutions, such as: Ministry of Economy in "Your Company in a Day"), Notary (Incorporation of Companies, Leasing Contracts, Others), Internal Tax Service (RUT Company, Turnover, Start of Activities, Another Tax Documents), Ministry of Health (Sanitary Resolution, Environmental Qualification Resolution), Superintendency of Electricity and Fuels (Annex TC1 Electricity and Annex TC6 Gas), Municipality to enable Commercial Premises, Commercial Patents), Environmental Assessment Services (Consultation of Relevance and / or Resolution of Environmental Qualification), to mention the most important. Therefore, each of these documents requires specific deadlines for compliance and disbursement of resources to obtain final permits.In a second stage, and after obtaining all the permits, the operation, management and administration of the company begins. This process is equal to or more important than the efforts made in the previous stage, because an inadequate accounting and / or administrative management, could lead to the business could break due to lack of liquidity, that is, not having sufficient monetary resources to meet short-term obligations (working capital). Due to the above, and because currently in the company "Mora Loutit Sweet Shop SpA" does not have a costing system, is that there is a real need to have a model (tool) that allows to provide, accounting and financial information related to its sales costs, which contributes to the business in operational planning, cost - volume - profit - balance - point analysis, pricing and management control.In order to achieve this, in the first place, a bibliographical study was developed in the theoretical framework regarding the different costing concepts currently in force, focusing the focus on a perpetual system of process cost accumulation, normal cost type, direct approach, considering the production structure and current costs of the company.Later, a brief presentation of the company was made, where concepts related to current diseases highly related to eating habits and sedentarism were highlighted, highlighting diabetes in its three known categories (Diabetes Type 1, Diabetes Type 2, Diabetes Getioacional) , in addition to a brief analysis of the company and its environment, addressing issues such as the industry where it operates and the market to which it is oriented.Finally, through a methodological framework, defined according to the operation and business needs, a cost structure was established for the "Mora Loutit Sweet Shop" Company, in which 10 logical steps were developed, beginning in step 1 with the identification of the products to be financed and finalizing in step 10 with the elaboration of management indicators, to obtain as a result (among others) the profit margin by products, calculation of the point of balance and control of the box in the short term, thus achieving the general objective defined related to design a costing system that provides updated information to the administration for control, management and decision making.
Description
Catalogado desde la version PDF de la tesis.
Keywords
ALIMENTACION SALUDABLE, PASTELERIA ARTESANAL, SISTEMA DE COSTEO