Thesis EVALUACIÓN TÉCNICA Y ECONÓMICA DE LA INCORPORACIÓN DE COLECTORES SOLARES TÉRMICOS EN UNA CENTRAL TERMOELÉCTRICA A VAPOR, COMO APOYO AL PRECALENTAMIENTO DEL AGUA DE ALIMENTACIÓN DE LA CALDERA
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Date
2016
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Campus
Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María UTFSM. Casa Central Valparaíso
Abstract
El presente trabajo de investigación analiza la posibilidad de optimizar el cicloRankine regenerativo de una central termoeléctrica convencional a vapor de 150 MWincorporando energía solar en el precalentamiento del agua de alimentación de lacaldera, específicamente en el primer calentador, de tal forma que el caudal de laextracción de vapor usada para calentar el agua originalmente en el calentador, siga sucurso por la turbina de baja presión generando un aumento de potencia y, por ende, unaumento en el rendimiento. Con esto, se concluye que son necesarios 11,47 MW depotencia térmica para generar un aumento de 1,07 MW eléctricos, elevando elrendimiento térmico como máximo un 0,33%.Se evalúan los distintos tipos de colectores solares de baja temperatura optando porlos de tubos de vacío “heat pipe”. La conexión de los colectores se realizará medianteun “bypass” en la línea principal de tal forma que la instalación sea sencilla e impliquemenos costos, prefiriendo un sistema de calentamiento directo y sin acumulación.Para sustituir el calor aportado por la extracción se determinó un área útil decaptación de energía solar de 25.204 m2 y una inversión inicial en colectores de USD$10.416.482 (USD $908/kW instalado). El aumento de energía que sería posibleobtener al año corresponde a 2.129 MW equivalentes a USD $170.291, alrededor de60 veces menos que la inversión.Al evaluar la propuesta en un horizonte de 15 años y a una tasa de descuento del10%, y considerando un costo de venta de USD $80/MWh, se obtuvo como resultadoun periodo de recuperación de la inversión de 56 años, una TIR de 8% y un VAN deUSD $1.396.874 por lo que el proyecto sería inviable económicamente. Esto se debe aque el costo de la inversión en colectores es muy alto en comparación con lo que sepuede obtener en la turbina de baja presión con la extracción, siendo su aporte un 0,19%de lo que se podría generar anualmente en la central.
This research work analyzes the possibility to optimizing the regenerative Rankinecycle of a conventional steam power plant of 150 MW by incorporating solar energyinto the preheating of boiler's feedwater, specifically in the first heater, in such waythat the steam extraction’s flow used to heat water originally in the heater, followsthrough the low pressure turbine generating an increase of power and, therefore, anincrease in its performance. With this, it is concluded that 11.47 MW of thermal poweris needed to generate an increase of 1.07 MW in electric power, raising thermalefficiency in 0,33% maximum.The different types of low temperature solar collectors are evaluated by choosing"heat pipe" vacuum tubes. The connection of the collectors will be made by a bypassin the main line in such way that the installation be simple and involves less costs,preferring a system of direct heating and without accumulation.To replace the heat contributed by the extraction, it’s requires a useful area of solarenergy collection of 25,204 m2 and an initial investment in collectors of USD $10,416,482 (USD $ 908 / kW installed). The increase in energy that could be obtainedper year corresponds to 2,129 MWh equivalent to USD $ 170,291, about 60 times lessthan the investment.In evaluating the proposal over a 15-year horizon and at a discount rate of 10%,and considering a cost of sale of USD $ 80 / MWh, resulted a 56-year investmentrecovery period, an IRR of 8 % And a NPV of USD $ 1.396.874, making the projecteconomically unfeasible. This is because the cost of the investment in collectors is veryhigh compared to what can be obtained in the low pressure turbine with the extraction,being its contribution a 0.19% of what could be generated annually in the central.
This research work analyzes the possibility to optimizing the regenerative Rankinecycle of a conventional steam power plant of 150 MW by incorporating solar energyinto the preheating of boiler's feedwater, specifically in the first heater, in such waythat the steam extraction’s flow used to heat water originally in the heater, followsthrough the low pressure turbine generating an increase of power and, therefore, anincrease in its performance. With this, it is concluded that 11.47 MW of thermal poweris needed to generate an increase of 1.07 MW in electric power, raising thermalefficiency in 0,33% maximum.The different types of low temperature solar collectors are evaluated by choosing"heat pipe" vacuum tubes. The connection of the collectors will be made by a bypassin the main line in such way that the installation be simple and involves less costs,preferring a system of direct heating and without accumulation.To replace the heat contributed by the extraction, it’s requires a useful area of solarenergy collection of 25,204 m2 and an initial investment in collectors of USD $10,416,482 (USD $ 908 / kW installed). The increase in energy that could be obtainedper year corresponds to 2,129 MWh equivalent to USD $ 170,291, about 60 times lessthan the investment.In evaluating the proposal over a 15-year horizon and at a discount rate of 10%,and considering a cost of sale of USD $ 80 / MWh, resulted a 56-year investmentrecovery period, an IRR of 8 % And a NPV of USD $ 1.396.874, making the projecteconomically unfeasible. This is because the cost of the investment in collectors is veryhigh compared to what can be obtained in the low pressure turbine with the extraction,being its contribution a 0.19% of what could be generated annually in the central.
Description
Catalogado desde la version PDF de la tesis.
Keywords
CICLO RANKINE REGENERATIVO, ENERGIA SOLAR, TERMOELECTRICA