Thesis Evaluación y mejora del confort en una vivienda social ubicada en la comuna de Yungay
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Date
2026
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Ingeniería en Construcción
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Abstract
El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo evaluar y mejorar el desempeño térmico y ambiental de una vivienda social ubicada en la comuna de Yungay, Región de Ñuble, correspondiente a la Zona Térmica F según la Reglamentación Térmica vigente en Chile. A pesar de ser una vivienda de reciente construcción, los habitantes reportan problemas de confort térmico y calidad del aire interior, lo que sugiere deficiencias en el comportamiento de la envolvente y en las condiciones de ventilación. La metodología considera el levantamiento de las características constructivas de la vivienda, el análisis de su emplazamiento climático y mediciones in situ de variables ambientales interiores. Para ello, se realizaron registros continuos de temperatura del aire y concentración de dióxido de carbono (CO₂) mediante sensores instalados en recintos representativos como dormitorios y living-comedor. Adicionalmente, se evaluó el desempeño térmico de los elementos de la envolvente mediante cálculos de transmitancia térmica y análisis de asoleamiento. Los resultados evidencian fluctuaciones térmicas importantes, episodios de sobrecalentamiento en recintos con orientación norte y concentraciones elevadas de CO₂ asociadas a ventilación natural insuficiente. A partir de este diagnóstico, se desarrolló una propuesta de mejoramiento que considera aumento de aislación térmica en muros y cielo, reemplazo de ventanas por sistemas de doble acristalamiento hermético e incorporación de ventilación pasiva mediante aireadores. Finalmente, se realizó una evaluación económica que permite estimar la factibilidad de implementar estas mejoras en viviendas sociales de características similares.
This study aims to evaluate and improve the thermal and environmental performance of a social housing unit located in the Yungay commune, Ñuble Region, which corresponds to Thermal Zone F according to the current Thermal Regulations in Chile. Despite being a recently constructed house, the residents report problems with thermal comfort and indoor air quality, suggesting deficiencies in the building envelope and ventilation conditions. The methodology includes documenting the building's construction characteristics, analyzing its climatic location, and taking in-situ measurements of indoor environmental variables. Continuous air temperature and carbon dioxide (CO₂) concentration readings were taken using sensors installed in representative rooms such as bedrooms and the living/dining room. Additionally, the thermal performance of the building envelope elements was evaluated through thermal transmittance calculations and solar heat gain analysis. The results show significant temperature fluctuations, episodes of overheating in north-facing rooms, and high CO₂ concentrations associated with insufficient natural ventilation. Based on this diagnosis, an improvement proposal was developed that includes increased thermal insulation in walls and ceilings, replacement of windows with airtight double-glazed systems, and the incorporation of passive ventilation through air vents. Finally, an economic evaluation was conducted to estimate the feasibility of implementing these improvements in social housing with similar characteristics.
This study aims to evaluate and improve the thermal and environmental performance of a social housing unit located in the Yungay commune, Ñuble Region, which corresponds to Thermal Zone F according to the current Thermal Regulations in Chile. Despite being a recently constructed house, the residents report problems with thermal comfort and indoor air quality, suggesting deficiencies in the building envelope and ventilation conditions. The methodology includes documenting the building's construction characteristics, analyzing its climatic location, and taking in-situ measurements of indoor environmental variables. Continuous air temperature and carbon dioxide (CO₂) concentration readings were taken using sensors installed in representative rooms such as bedrooms and the living/dining room. Additionally, the thermal performance of the building envelope elements was evaluated through thermal transmittance calculations and solar heat gain analysis. The results show significant temperature fluctuations, episodes of overheating in north-facing rooms, and high CO₂ concentrations associated with insufficient natural ventilation. Based on this diagnosis, an improvement proposal was developed that includes increased thermal insulation in walls and ceilings, replacement of windows with airtight double-glazed systems, and the incorporation of passive ventilation through air vents. Finally, an economic evaluation was conducted to estimate the feasibility of implementing these improvements in social housing with similar characteristics.
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Keywords
Confort térmico, Calidad del aire interior, Eficiencia energética, Ventilación natural
