Thesis USO DE COGENERACIÓN CON GNL PARA REEMPLAZO DE DIÉSEL UTILIZADO EN CALENTAMIENTO DE SOLUCIONES EN LA MINERÍA
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Date
2015-08
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Program
DEPARTAMENTO DE INGENIERÍA MECÁNICA. MAGÍSTER EN ECONOMÍA ENERGÉTICA
Campus
Campus Vitacura, Santiago
Abstract
El presente estudio analiza la factibilidad de aplicar la cogeneración con GNL
al calentamiento de soluciones mineras: óxidos y súlfuros de cobre y
soluciones cianuradas de oro, en reemplazo de los sistemas convencionales
utilizados en la minería (centrales térmicas a petróleo diésel) y obtener así
beneficios económicos y ambientales por la aplicación de esta tecnología de
eficiencia energética.
Para este efecto se investigaron los tamaños de producción y consumos
térmicos y eléctricos y las variables de proceso relevantes en el
calentamiento de soluciones. En base a esto se definieron las tecnologías de
cogeneración más adecuadas para ser utilizadas en esta aplicación:
Microturbinas y Motores de Combustión Interna (MCI). Se analizó también el
mercado del GNL móvil en cuanto a sus aspectos comerciales relevantes,
tecnologías de distribución, almacenamiento y regasificación, alcances
geográficos y disponibilidad.
Con estos antecedentes se procedió a realizar una serie de análisis
económicos y técnicos aplicados a un caso de estudio tomando como base
un tamaño de producción minera de cátodos de cobre EW representativo del
sector minero. Se llevaron a cabo estudios simplificados de perfil y de
prefactibilidad para determinar beneficios de la aplicación de la cogeneración
y de reducción de emisiones de CO2.
Los análisis mostraron resultados económicos favorables para la aplicación
de la cogeneración en remplazo de los sistemas convencionales, así como
también periodos de recuperación cercanos a los 5 años.
De los análisis de producción y consumo de energía, especialmente en el
cobre, donde existen más antecedentes públicos disponibles, se pudo
establecer también relaciones simples para dimensionar preliminarmente y
rápidamente tamaños de requerimientos térmicos y eléctricos en los
procesos de calentamiento de solución. Así, en general se encontraron
relaciones de energía eléctrica a calor de 4 a 5 veces a 1 y consumos de
diésel por cada TMF de cátodos EW de entre 60 a 65 litros.
Finalmente, se identificaron barreras a la implementación de la cogeneración
donde uno de los aspectos más relevantes es la necesidad de un manifiesto
compromiso desde la alta gerencia en liderar cambios e innovación y que
permitan empoderar a los niveles operativos.
The present study analyzes the feasibility of applying the cogeneration with LNG to the warming of mining solutions: oxides and sulfides of copper and cyanided solutions of gold, in replacement of the conventional systems used in the mining industry (boilers to Diesel) and how to obtain economic and environmental benefits, due to the application of this technology of energy efficiency. For this effect there were investigated the sizes of production and thermal and electrical consumptions and the relevant variables involved in the process of solution warming. The cogeneration technologies most appropriate to be used in this application were defined: Microturbines and Internal Combustion Engines (ICE). There were analyzed also the market of the mobile LNG, it’s commercial relevant aspects, technologies of distribution, storage and regasification, geographical scopes and availability. With these standards one a series of economic and technical analysis were conducted and applied to a case of study, taking as a base a size of mining production of cathodes of copper EW representative of the mining sector. Studies simplified of profile and prefeasibility were carried out to determine benefits related to application of the cogeneration and of reduction of CO2 emissions. Analysis showed favorable economic results for the application of cogeneration in replacement of conventional systems, as well as payback periods of near 5 years. Of the analyses of production and energy consumption, specially in the copper, where more precedents exist, also it was possible to established preliminarily and rapidly simple relations to measure sizes of thermal and electrical requirements in the processes of warming solution. In general relations of electric power were to heat from 4 to 5 times to 1 and consumptions of diesel for every TMF of cathodes EW of between 60 to 65 liters. Finally, barriers were identified to the implementation of the cogeneration, where one of the most relevant aspects is the need of a manifest commitment from the high management in leading changes and innovation that could allow them to empower the operative levels.
The present study analyzes the feasibility of applying the cogeneration with LNG to the warming of mining solutions: oxides and sulfides of copper and cyanided solutions of gold, in replacement of the conventional systems used in the mining industry (boilers to Diesel) and how to obtain economic and environmental benefits, due to the application of this technology of energy efficiency. For this effect there were investigated the sizes of production and thermal and electrical consumptions and the relevant variables involved in the process of solution warming. The cogeneration technologies most appropriate to be used in this application were defined: Microturbines and Internal Combustion Engines (ICE). There were analyzed also the market of the mobile LNG, it’s commercial relevant aspects, technologies of distribution, storage and regasification, geographical scopes and availability. With these standards one a series of economic and technical analysis were conducted and applied to a case of study, taking as a base a size of mining production of cathodes of copper EW representative of the mining sector. Studies simplified of profile and prefeasibility were carried out to determine benefits related to application of the cogeneration and of reduction of CO2 emissions. Analysis showed favorable economic results for the application of cogeneration in replacement of conventional systems, as well as payback periods of near 5 years. Of the analyses of production and energy consumption, specially in the copper, where more precedents exist, also it was possible to established preliminarily and rapidly simple relations to measure sizes of thermal and electrical requirements in the processes of warming solution. In general relations of electric power were to heat from 4 to 5 times to 1 and consumptions of diesel for every TMF of cathodes EW of between 60 to 65 liters. Finally, barriers were identified to the implementation of the cogeneration, where one of the most relevant aspects is the need of a manifest commitment from the high management in leading changes and innovation that could allow them to empower the operative levels.
Description
Keywords
COGENERACIÓN CON GNL