Thesis Propuesta de sistema de aprendizaje mixto para la consolidación del conocimiento técnico en mantenimiento automotriz mediante spaced repetition, Active recall y ambientes de realidad virtual
Loading...
Date
2025
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Program
Ingeniería en Mantenimiento Industrial
Departament
Campus
Sede Viña del mar
Abstract
En la formación técnica en mantenimiento automotriz, uno de los principales desafíos es asegurar la retención a largo plazo del conocimiento y su correcta transferencia al desempeño práctico. En la práctica, los programas tradicionales de capacitación suelen mostrar una rápida degradación del aprendizaje, generando una brecha entre la formación impartida y la ejecución efectiva de procedimientos técnicos, situación que cobra especial relevancia en el contexto de la gestión del conocimiento exigida por la norma ISO 55001:2024. Frente a esta problemática, el presente trabajo desarrolla y evalúa una metodología de entrenamiento orientada a la consolidación del conocimiento técnico, integrando principios de Spaced Repetition y Active Recall con plataformas digitales y simulación en realidad virtual. La propuesta se fundamenta en modelos neurocognitivos de la memoria y del olvido, permitiendo estructurar un sistema de estudio que optimiza los intervalos de repaso y favorece la recuperación activa del conocimiento como mecanismo central del aprendizaje. La metodología fue implementada mediante un sistema digital de gestión de repasos, recursos de recuperación activa y una actividad práctica de mantenimiento en un entorno de realidad virtual, seleccionando como caso piloto el procedimiento de cambio de neumático. Su efectividad fue evaluada mediante un estudio comparativo entre un grupo que utilizó la metodología propuesta y un grupo que siguió prácticas convencionales de estudio. Los resultados evidencian una mejora significativa en la retención del conocimiento procedimental en el grupo que utilizó la metodología propuesta, alcanzando un promedio de 81,3% en desempeño práctico, frente a 60,4% del grupo control, lo que representa un incremento cercano al 20%. El desempeño teórico se mantuvo homogéneo en ambos grupos (83,3%), confirmando que el resultado global estuvo determinado principalmente por la consolidación procedimental. Asimismo, el promedio global del grupo piloto alcanzó 81,6%, en comparación con 64,0% del grupo control. En conjunto, los resultados validan la metodología como una alternativa viable y replicable para mejorar la retención y transferencia del conocimiento técnico en mantenimiento automotriz, alineada con los principios de gestión del conocimiento y con potencial de aplicación en contextos formativos e industriales.
In technical training for automotive maintenance, one of the main challenges is ensuring the long-term retention of knowledge and its proper transfer to practical performance. In practice, traditional training programs tend to show a rapid degradation of learning, generating a gap between the training delivered and the effective execution of technical procedures, a situation that becomes especially relevant in the context of knowledge management required by ISO 55001:2024. In response to this issue, the present work develops and evaluates a training methodology aimed at the consolidation of technical knowledge, integrating the principles of Spaced Repetition and Active Recall with digital platforms and virtual reality simulation. The proposal is grounded in neurocognitive models of memory and forgetting, allowing the structuring of a study system that optimizes review intervals and promotes the active retrieval of knowledge as a central mechanism of learning. The methodology was implemented through a digital review management system, active retrieval resources, and a practical maintenance activity in a virtual reality environment, selecting the tire replacement procedure as the pilot case. Its effectiveness was evaluated through a comparative study between a group that used the proposed methodology and a group that followed conventional study practices. The results show a significant improvement in the retention of procedural knowledge in the group that used the proposed methodology, reaching an average of 81.3% in practical performance, compared to 60.4% in the control group, which represents an increase close to 20%. The theoretical performance remained homogeneous in both groups (83.3%), confirming that the overall result was mainly determined by procedural consolidation. Likewise, the overall average of the pilot group reached 81.6%, compared to 64.0% in the control group. Taken together, the results validate the methodology as a viable and replicable alternative to improve the retention and transfer of technical knowledge in automotive maintenance, aligned with the principles of knowledge management and with potential for application in training and industrial contexts.
In technical training for automotive maintenance, one of the main challenges is ensuring the long-term retention of knowledge and its proper transfer to practical performance. In practice, traditional training programs tend to show a rapid degradation of learning, generating a gap between the training delivered and the effective execution of technical procedures, a situation that becomes especially relevant in the context of knowledge management required by ISO 55001:2024. In response to this issue, the present work develops and evaluates a training methodology aimed at the consolidation of technical knowledge, integrating the principles of Spaced Repetition and Active Recall with digital platforms and virtual reality simulation. The proposal is grounded in neurocognitive models of memory and forgetting, allowing the structuring of a study system that optimizes review intervals and promotes the active retrieval of knowledge as a central mechanism of learning. The methodology was implemented through a digital review management system, active retrieval resources, and a practical maintenance activity in a virtual reality environment, selecting the tire replacement procedure as the pilot case. Its effectiveness was evaluated through a comparative study between a group that used the proposed methodology and a group that followed conventional study practices. The results show a significant improvement in the retention of procedural knowledge in the group that used the proposed methodology, reaching an average of 81.3% in practical performance, compared to 60.4% in the control group, which represents an increase close to 20%. The theoretical performance remained homogeneous in both groups (83.3%), confirming that the overall result was mainly determined by procedural consolidation. Likewise, the overall average of the pilot group reached 81.6%, compared to 64.0% in the control group. Taken together, the results validate the methodology as a viable and replicable alternative to improve the retention and transfer of technical knowledge in automotive maintenance, aligned with the principles of knowledge management and with potential for application in training and industrial contexts.
Description
Keywords
Mantenimiento automotriz, Retención del conocimiento, Realidad virtual, Gestión de Activos, ISO 55001, Gestión del Conocimiento, Formación técnica
