Thesis PROPUESTA DE MEJORA DE PROCESOS EN EMPRESA DE OPERACIONES LOGÍSTICAS
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Date
2018
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Abstract
El presente trabajo de titulación, corresponde a una propuesta de mejoramiento de los procesos de ventas y logística, de una empresa de servicio de venta de repuestos, realizado en base a un diagnóstico y la metodología Lean Seis Sigma.El objetivo general de este trabajo, es diseñar un plan de mejoramiento para la eficiencia de los procesos en una empresa, la cual se enfoca en el proceso de venta de repuestos con importación directa a un pedido de venta, la que se denomina como venta calzada, mediante el uso de la metodología Lean Seis Sigma, para enfrentar las principales pérdidas y deficiencias en el desempeño de este proceso.El trabajo se inicia con la recopilación de antecedentes generales de la empresa, en base a aspectos organizacionales, como su marco estratégico, su estructura organizacional y clima laboral; y principales resultados característicos, tales como: Grado de Servicio, Obsolescencia, Confiabilidad, Logística Interna, Tasa de Cierre, Importaciones Venta Comprometida.Posteriormente, se realiza un análisis de los procesos de venta, determinando en primera instancia su estado “Como debe ser” (Should Be) para realizar una comparación con el “Tal como Es” (As Is), seguido de esto se realiza una ”Carta de Proyecto” (Project Charter) donde se detallan cada uno de los aspectos fundamentales y cruciales que definen los objetivos que determinan en que proceso se debe poner foco.En reunión de trabajo con la gerencia de la empresa, se indica los aspectos observados y las diferencias que hay entre ambos procesos, se concluye y se define poner foco en las importaciones de venta calzada, que para la compañía es un punto crítico que desean resolver.A continuación, se realiza un diagnóstico de la situación actual utilizando para ello la herramienta Mapeo de la Cadena de Valor (Makigami), con la finalidad de identificar las actividades que agregan y no agregan valor al cliente, como también cuellos de botellas de su proceso, en base a la caracterización de los desperdicios existentes, con el objetivo de determinar las principales pérdidas de la empresa en cuanto a sus servicios.Una vez realizado el diagnóstico, se realiza un análisis de causa raíz utilizando el diagrama de causa y efecto, con el objetivo de determinar las causas que provocan que materiales queden generando stock y no sean facturados. El análisis causa raíz realizado permite definir dos áreas de mejora, una relacionada con los desperdicios por espera, y la otra, relacionada con el desperdicio de talento humano, con los desperdicios por esperas, seguido por la categoría mano de obra que está directamente relacionado con el desperdicio por talento humano.Con los análisis generados se establecen las oportunidades de mejora, identificando las mudas que afectan a cada proceso y caracterizando el tipo de desperdicio, otorgando de esta manera una oportunidad de mejora.Luego, se propone un plan de mejora elaborado en base a la metodología de los 5 por qué?, donde se definen los qué, por qué, cómo, quién, cuándo y dónde se ejecuta la acción de mejora, detallando también los recursos materiales y humanos a utilizar, junto con los plazos y responsables de ejecución, y los resultados esperados. Así también, se define acciones de control que aseguren la sostenibilidad en el tiempo de la mejora implementada.Finalmente, se presentan las conclusiones del trabajo realizado y recomendaciones para tener en cuenta en la aplicación y/o adaptación del plan de mejora propuesto, en organizaciones de características similares a la empresa analizada.
This work corresponds to a proposal of improvement of the processes of sales and logistics, of a company of sale service of spare parts, based on a diagnosis according to the Lean Six Sigma methodology.The general objective of this work is to design an improvement plan for the efficiency of the processes in a company, which will focus on the process of selling parts with direct import to a sales order, which is called Road sales, through the use of the Lean Six Sigma methodology, to face the main losses and deficiencies in the performance of this process.The work begins with the compilation of general background of the company, based on organizational aspects, such as its strategic framework, organizational structure and work climate; and main characteristic results, such as: Degree of Service, Obsolescence, Reliability, Internal Logistics, Closing Rate, Committed Sales Imports.Subsequently, an analysis of the sales process is performed, analyzing in the first instance its “Should Be” state to make a comparison with the “As Is”, and this is a Project Charter where they detail each of the fundamental and crucial aspects that will define the objectives, that determine in which process the Project should be.Following this, a meeting is coordinated with the management of the company where it indicates the observed aspects and the differences that exist between both processes, where it is concluded and is defined put focus on the imports of roadway sales, which for the company is a critical point they wish to solve.Next, a diagnosis of the current situation is made using the Makigami Value Chain Mapping tools, in order to identify the activities that add and do not add value to the customer, as well as bottlenecks of their process, based on the characterization of the existing waste, in order to determine the main losses of the company related of its services.Once the diagnosis is made, a root cause analysis is performed using the cause and effect diagram, in order to determine the causes that produce the materials to be generated and not to be invoiced. The root cause analysis allow the company to define two areas of improvement that would correspond to measurements and methods, which are related to waste by waiting, followed by the category of labor that is directly related to wastage by human talent.With the analyzes generated, a table of opportunities for improvement is established, identifying the changes that affect each process as appropriate, where the description of these wastes is subscribed, thus providing an opportunity for improvement.Then, an improvement plan is proposed based on the methodology of the 5 Why ?, where is defined the what, why, how, who, when and where the improvement action is executed, also detailing the material resources and Human resources to be used, together with deadlines and implementation officers, and expected results. Also, control actions are defined to ensure the sustainability of the implemented improvement over time.Finally, we present the conclusions of the work done and recommendations to take into account in the application and / or adaptation of the proposed improvement plan, in organizations with characteristics similar to the company analyzed.
This work corresponds to a proposal of improvement of the processes of sales and logistics, of a company of sale service of spare parts, based on a diagnosis according to the Lean Six Sigma methodology.The general objective of this work is to design an improvement plan for the efficiency of the processes in a company, which will focus on the process of selling parts with direct import to a sales order, which is called Road sales, through the use of the Lean Six Sigma methodology, to face the main losses and deficiencies in the performance of this process.The work begins with the compilation of general background of the company, based on organizational aspects, such as its strategic framework, organizational structure and work climate; and main characteristic results, such as: Degree of Service, Obsolescence, Reliability, Internal Logistics, Closing Rate, Committed Sales Imports.Subsequently, an analysis of the sales process is performed, analyzing in the first instance its “Should Be” state to make a comparison with the “As Is”, and this is a Project Charter where they detail each of the fundamental and crucial aspects that will define the objectives, that determine in which process the Project should be.Following this, a meeting is coordinated with the management of the company where it indicates the observed aspects and the differences that exist between both processes, where it is concluded and is defined put focus on the imports of roadway sales, which for the company is a critical point they wish to solve.Next, a diagnosis of the current situation is made using the Makigami Value Chain Mapping tools, in order to identify the activities that add and do not add value to the customer, as well as bottlenecks of their process, based on the characterization of the existing waste, in order to determine the main losses of the company related of its services.Once the diagnosis is made, a root cause analysis is performed using the cause and effect diagram, in order to determine the causes that produce the materials to be generated and not to be invoiced. The root cause analysis allow the company to define two areas of improvement that would correspond to measurements and methods, which are related to waste by waiting, followed by the category of labor that is directly related to wastage by human talent.With the analyzes generated, a table of opportunities for improvement is established, identifying the changes that affect each process as appropriate, where the description of these wastes is subscribed, thus providing an opportunity for improvement.Then, an improvement plan is proposed based on the methodology of the 5 Why ?, where is defined the what, why, how, who, when and where the improvement action is executed, also detailing the material resources and Human resources to be used, together with deadlines and implementation officers, and expected results. Also, control actions are defined to ensure the sustainability of the implemented improvement over time.Finally, we present the conclusions of the work done and recommendations to take into account in the application and / or adaptation of the proposed improvement plan, in organizations with characteristics similar to the company analyzed.
Description
Catalogado desde la version PDF de la tesis.
Keywords
GESTION LOGISTICA, MEJORA DE PROCESOS, METODOLOGIA LEAN SEIS SIGMA