Thesis VALIDACIÓN DEL SOFTWARE SCICHEM COMO MODELO FOTOQUÍMICO PARA REALIZAR EVALUACIONES DE CALIDAD DEL AIRE EN ESTUDIOS DE IMPACTO AMBIENTAL EN CHILE
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Date
2017
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Program
INGENIERÍA CIVIL QUÍMICA
Campus
Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María UTFSM. Casa Central Valparaíso
Abstract
Esta memoria tiene por objetivo la validación del programa computacional SCICHEM comomodelo fotoquímico para ser utilizado en estudios de calidad del aire para estudios de impactoambiental en Chile. En particular, se aplica el programa a un caso de estudio de la formación deozono troposférico producto de la actividad de centrales generadoras de energía en la ciudad deMejillones para el periodo comprendido entre el 13 al 23 de abril del año 2013.Se presentan antecedentes que sientan las bases teóricas para el caso de estudio a realizar; conceptosfundamentales de contaminación atmosférica, información sobre el ozono como contaminantetroposférico, modelación de contaminantes en la atmósfera, información de Mejillonescomo ciudad industrial e información relevante sobre los programas a utilizar en el caso de estudiocomo, el modelo meteorológico (WRF) y el modelo fotoquímico (SCICHEM). Se presentaademás en detalle la metodología utilizada para crear el modelo para el caso de estudio, mostrandopaso a paso los supuestos y la manera en que se recopiló la información relevante deentrada del modelo.Como principal resultado se tiene la satisfactoria aplicación del modelo para el caso de estudiopresentado. En cuanto al análisis particular de los resultados del modelo, se pudo determinaren forma cualitativa y cuantitativa que el modelo logra representar de forma aceptable la información observada de concentración para los tres escenarios de modelación aplicados, lo quese respalda con el análisis estadístico que mostró en el mejor escenario (fracción activa 0,75)un coeficiente de correlación igual a 0,71, un error cuadrático medio de 15,35, error cuadráticomedio normalizado de 0,04, un sesgo fraccional de 0,21 y un índice de acuerdo de 0,77. Por otrolado, del análisis cualitativo se demostró que el modelo en los tres escenarios evaluados tiende asobreestimar la concentración de ozono evaluada, esto resulta positivo pues el programa permiteevaluar un determinado impacto bajo un escenario conservador.Finalmente, se concluye que el modelo puede ser aplicado para estudios de contaminación atmosférica por ozono troposférico en Chile, pero que sus resultados dependen de manera directade la correcta caracterización de las fuentes de emisión, del tamaño del dominio modelación, lasconcentraciones ambientales que varían en el espacio y tiempo de otros compuestos presentes en la atmósfera de la zona a estudiar, la precisión de la información meteorológica, la disponibilidadde información observada para poder realizar una comparación detallada de lo
This study aims to validate the software SCICHEM as a photochemical model to be used in airquality studies for environmental impact studies in Chile. In particular, the application of thesoftware in a case study of tropospheric ozone formation due power plants activity in Mejillonesfor the period between the 13th to the 23rd of April 2013.Background information that set up the theoretical context of the case study is presented; fundamentalconcepts related to air pollution, information about ozone as a tropospheric pollutant,atmospheric pollutant modelling, information about Mejillones as an industrial city and relevantinformation about the weather and research forecasting model (WRF) and the photochemicalmodel (SCICHEM). There is also a detailed explanation of the methodology used to set up thecase study, showing step by step all the supposed criteria and the way the relevant input informationwas collected.As the main result of the study there is a successful application of the model in the case studypresented. About the particular analysis of the model results, it was determined in a qualitativeand a quantitative way that the model can represent the observed information about theconcentration of ozone data in an acceptable way for the three model scenarios applied, this issupported by the results of the statistical analysis that showed in the best case scenario (activefraction 0.75) a correlation coefficient of 0,71, a root mean squared error of 15.35, a normalizedmean squared error of 0,04, a fractional bias of 0.21 and an index of agreement of 0.77. On theother hand, the qualitative analysis showed that the model tends to overestimate the evaluatedconcentration of ozone for all the scenarios, this is positive given that the software evaluates adetermined impact under a conservative perspective.In conclusion, the model can be applied for atmospheric ozone studies in Chile. However, it’sresults directly depend on the proper characterization of the following: the sources of emissions,the size of the modelling domain and the background concentrations of other compounds inthe atmosphere, which vary with time and space within the study zone. It also depends on theprecision of the meteorological information, the availability of observed data to a detailed comparisonof the results and the default parameters of the model, among other things. These mustall be considered before choosing to use this method.
This study aims to validate the software SCICHEM as a photochemical model to be used in airquality studies for environmental impact studies in Chile. In particular, the application of thesoftware in a case study of tropospheric ozone formation due power plants activity in Mejillonesfor the period between the 13th to the 23rd of April 2013.Background information that set up the theoretical context of the case study is presented; fundamentalconcepts related to air pollution, information about ozone as a tropospheric pollutant,atmospheric pollutant modelling, information about Mejillones as an industrial city and relevantinformation about the weather and research forecasting model (WRF) and the photochemicalmodel (SCICHEM). There is also a detailed explanation of the methodology used to set up thecase study, showing step by step all the supposed criteria and the way the relevant input informationwas collected.As the main result of the study there is a successful application of the model in the case studypresented. About the particular analysis of the model results, it was determined in a qualitativeand a quantitative way that the model can represent the observed information about theconcentration of ozone data in an acceptable way for the three model scenarios applied, this issupported by the results of the statistical analysis that showed in the best case scenario (activefraction 0.75) a correlation coefficient of 0,71, a root mean squared error of 15.35, a normalizedmean squared error of 0,04, a fractional bias of 0.21 and an index of agreement of 0.77. On theother hand, the qualitative analysis showed that the model tends to overestimate the evaluatedconcentration of ozone for all the scenarios, this is positive given that the software evaluates adetermined impact under a conservative perspective.In conclusion, the model can be applied for atmospheric ozone studies in Chile. However, it’sresults directly depend on the proper characterization of the following: the sources of emissions,the size of the modelling domain and the background concentrations of other compounds inthe atmosphere, which vary with time and space within the study zone. It also depends on theprecision of the meteorological information, the availability of observed data to a detailed comparisonof the results and the default parameters of the model, among other things. These mustall be considered before choosing to use this method.
Description
Catalogado desde la version PDF de la tesis.
Keywords
CONTAMINACION ATMOSFERICA, MEJILLONES, MODELACION FOTOQUIMICA, OZONO TROPOSFERICO, SCICHEM