Thesis MODELO DE IMPLEMENTACIÓN PARA UN SISTEMA DE MONITOREO, REPORTABILIDAD Y ANÁLISIS DE DATOS PARA PLANTAS DE CONCENTRACIÓN DE PEQUEÑA Y MEDIANA ESCALA
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Date
2017
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Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María UTFSM. Casa Central Valparaíso
Abstract
El presente trabajo de título propone las bases y criterios para desarrollar un sistema de reportabilidad y monitoreo en línea para plantas concentradoras pequeñas y medianas. Se inicia con una descripción del complejo escenario actual por el que atraviesa la minería y como esto afecta a los pequeños y medianos mineros principalmente por sus altos costos de producción. Posteriormente, se describe con mayor detalle las características de estos dos subgrupos, el impacto económico que generan, sus principales virtudes y sobretodo sus falencias dadas por la alta brecha tecnológica y económica que existen entre ellas y la gran minería.Continuando con los antecedentes generales, se da paso a la descripción de los procesos metalúrgicos comúnmente utilizados en Chile para la extracción de cobre, pasando a una revisión de los principales instrumentos de medición aplicados en la industria.Una vez comprendido el marco teórico en el que está inmersa esta memoria, se explica en qué consiste el sistema de monitoreo, tanto por su línea de funcionamiento, como en el diseño conceptual de lo que pretende lograr y su sistema de mejora en el tiempo. También, se presentan una serie de alternativas de medición de flujo tanto en área seca (mineral) como en húmedo (pulpa) a fin de tener flexibilidad en la adquisición de esta variable indistintamente del nivel de instrumentación de la planta. En el capítulo III se presenta un prototipo de laboratorio desarrollado en la universidad, el cual consiste en un molino de bolas controlado por un variador de frecuencia conectado a un sensor de corriente y a una tarjeta de adquisición de datos. Se realizaron pruebas de velocidad a fin de establecer correlaciones y lograr mediciones indirectas para ver la factibilidad de implementar este tipo de mediciones en plantas.El centro de este trabajo, presentado en Capítulo IV, se describe un criterio operacional y un criterio metalúrgico, para realizar un análisis etapa por etapa de las principales variables a monitorear. Además, se proponen indicadores dados por la mezcla de ambos criterios y también se desarrollan de manera conceptual una serie de alternativas para la medición de flujos másicos, tanto en seco como en húmedo, para asegurar que los criterios propuestos efectivamente puedan implementarse de manera sencilla en cualquier planta de procesamiento.Finalmente, y dentro del mismo capítulo, se ejecuta una validación en terreno en una pequeña planta concentradora, donde no existen sistemas de medición ni registro alguno de los datos operacionales. Se realiza el análisis propuesto en el capítulo y se hacen mediciones basadas en dicho trabajo para evaluar su condición de operación. Los resultados dar a conocer una baja eficiencia, lo que a su vez permitió proponer una serie soluciones de corto y mediano plazo que permitirán aumentar tratamiento y optimizar el uso de recursos de la planta, logrando así una comprobación del estado de los criterios planteados en este trabajo.
This undergraduate project proposes bases and criteria to develop an online report and monitoring system for small and middle concentrator plants. This work begins with the description of the complex current mining scenario and how it impact to small and middle mining industry, mainly due to higher production costs. Afterwards, a detailed description of both subgroups is given, considering their economic impact generated, their strengths and above all their weaknesses due to the big difference in technology with respect to the big mining industry.With respect to the background, this project describes the most common metallurgical processes in Chilean copper mining, reviewing the main instrumentation used in this industry.After the theoretical framework of this project, the focus is on explains what a monitoring system is, its online functionality, their most significantly objectives and its continuous improvement over the time. In addition, several flow measurement alternatives are presented, for both dry (coal) and wet (slurry) zones, in order to get more flexibility on data acquisition of this kind of variable, no matter the instrumentation level of the plant. A laboratory prototype developed on the university is presented on Chapter III. This prototype consists on a ball mill controlled by a Variable Frequency Drive connected to a current sensor and to a data acquisition board. Speed tests were made to establish correlations and to get indirect measurements to see the feasibility of implementing virtual sensor on plant. The results validated the possibility of generate alternative measurements to the commonly used, opening the ability to measure without having to disturb the mining operation.The center of this work, presented in Chapter IV, describes two criteria, an operational and a metallurgical one, to perform a step by step analysis of the main variables to be monitored. Metrics given by the mixture of these two criteria are proposed, and also several alternative mass flow measuring, in both dry and wet, are conceptually develop to ensure that the proposed criteria can be simple and effectively implemented in any processing plant. Finally, within the same chapter, a validation in field on a small concentrator is executed, where no measurement systems or any record of operational data exist. The proposed analysis of this chapter is performed and measurements based on that work are made to assess its operating condition. The results reveal a low efficiency, which allowed us to propose a set of solutions in short and medium term that will improve treatment and optimize the use of plant resources, obtaining a proof for the criteria described in this work.
This undergraduate project proposes bases and criteria to develop an online report and monitoring system for small and middle concentrator plants. This work begins with the description of the complex current mining scenario and how it impact to small and middle mining industry, mainly due to higher production costs. Afterwards, a detailed description of both subgroups is given, considering their economic impact generated, their strengths and above all their weaknesses due to the big difference in technology with respect to the big mining industry.With respect to the background, this project describes the most common metallurgical processes in Chilean copper mining, reviewing the main instrumentation used in this industry.After the theoretical framework of this project, the focus is on explains what a monitoring system is, its online functionality, their most significantly objectives and its continuous improvement over the time. In addition, several flow measurement alternatives are presented, for both dry (coal) and wet (slurry) zones, in order to get more flexibility on data acquisition of this kind of variable, no matter the instrumentation level of the plant. A laboratory prototype developed on the university is presented on Chapter III. This prototype consists on a ball mill controlled by a Variable Frequency Drive connected to a current sensor and to a data acquisition board. Speed tests were made to establish correlations and to get indirect measurements to see the feasibility of implementing virtual sensor on plant. The results validated the possibility of generate alternative measurements to the commonly used, opening the ability to measure without having to disturb the mining operation.The center of this work, presented in Chapter IV, describes two criteria, an operational and a metallurgical one, to perform a step by step analysis of the main variables to be monitored. Metrics given by the mixture of these two criteria are proposed, and also several alternative mass flow measuring, in both dry and wet, are conceptually develop to ensure that the proposed criteria can be simple and effectively implemented in any processing plant. Finally, within the same chapter, a validation in field on a small concentrator is executed, where no measurement systems or any record of operational data exist. The proposed analysis of this chapter is performed and measurements based on that work are made to assess its operating condition. The results reveal a low efficiency, which allowed us to propose a set of solutions in short and medium term that will improve treatment and optimize the use of plant resources, obtaining a proof for the criteria described in this work.
Description
Catalogado desde la version PDF de la tesis.
Keywords
MINERIA, PLANTAS CONCENTRADORAS, SISTEMA MONITOREO, SISTEMA REPORTABILIDAD