Thesis Modelo de negocios y diseño de un cuadro de mando integral para el desarrollo de eficiencia energética y energías renovables no convencionales en empresas de distribución energética
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Date
2008-11
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
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Program
Ingeniería Civil Industrial
Departament
Campus
Campus Santiago Vitacura
Abstract
Para nadie es indiferente la complicada situación energética que sufre el planeta, debido principalmente a la volatilidad del petróleo y en Chile no es el único factor, ya que como es bien sabido, el abastecimiento de gas natural es cada vez más escaso, la electricidad sube de precio, existen pocos especialistas e incentivos gubernamentales sobre Energías Renovables no Convencionales (ERNC) y todavía el país tiene ideas generales sobre el significado de Eficiencia Energética (EE). Por ello, la economía global exige a las empresas esfuerzos para el desarrollo de nuevas soluciones y propuestas en temas referidos a Eficiencia Energética y Energías Renovables no Convencionales. Por esto, las empresas deben ser eficientes y cumplir a cabalidad con las exigencias de apoyo energético, descontaminación, optimización de energéticos entre otros que se avecinan en el corto plazo. Ante esto, se hace necesario brindar herramientas y metodologías que permitan cumplir con este objetivo, ya que las empresas existentes no lograr convencer ni tener la tecnología necesaria para ser competitivas y mantenerse vigentes. Chilectra Ecoenergias, es un área que pertenece a Chilectra S.A.; empresa distribuidora de electricidad; la cual pretende llenar ese vacío y entregar a los clientes soluciones concretas e integrales a todo lo que respecta a Eficiencia Energética y Energías Renovales no Convencionales, a través de tres líneas de negocios: ERNC, Gestión de EE y Soluciones Eléctricas Eficientes. Esta área no se encuentra ajena a las exigencias del mercado actual y según ello, se desea conocer las mejoras que puede realizar en su gestión, de tal forma de ofrecer al cliente soluciones segmentadas según sus necesidades en forma oportuna, a través servicios integrales garantizados. El objetivo de esta memoria es entregar a Chilectra Ecoenergias, un Modelo de Negocio y la herramienta de Gestión denominada Cuadro de Mando Integral para el correcto desarrollo de Eficiencia Energética y Energías Renovables, la cual puede ser replicado a cualquier industria del rubro energético como distribuidoras de gas, y otras empresas de distribución eléctrica. Al analizar la gestión de Chilectra Ecoenergias, se detecta que existen problemas en la inexistencia de un modelo de negocios flexible, líneas de productos detenidas, y por lo tanto un control de gestión que no es sólido. Por ello se desarrolló, en primera instancia, la Planificación Estratégica del área, en la cual se especifica, la misión de la organización, o sea la razón de ser de esta y en el ámbito en el cual se desenvuelve; la visión de la organización, que representa como pretende la empresa ser vista por el resto y da las directrices dentro del ambiente antes definido por la misión. Luego se procede con un análisis externo, a través del análisis PESTA; que analiza cual es el macroentorno donde se sitúa la industria y las cinco fuerzas de Porter; que reflejara el microentorno y la rivalidad de este. Ambas herramientas reflejaran las oportunidades y amenazas que tiene el área dentro de la industria y en seguida, un análisis interno, con la cadena de valor; que reflejara sus fortalezas y debilidades. Teniendo todos estos factores ya analizados, se procede a elaborar la estrategia de la empresa, definiendo los objetivos que debe cumplir para aprovechar las oportunidades, fortalezas y superar las amenazas y debilidades, logrando así representar lo que quiere lograr en un mediano y largo plazo. En el segundo paso se procede a formular el modelo de negocios tomando en cuenta la estrategia elegida para el área, donde se incluyó las mejores prácticas de modelos existentes para la banca privada y cadenas de abastecimiento, logrando a través de nueve bloques (segmento de clientes, propuesta de valor, canales de distribución, las relaciones con los clientes, flujo de ingresos, recursos claves, actividades claves, red de colaboradores, estructura de costos) un modelo de negocios flexible que se adapta rápidamente al mercado nacional y que responde a sus necesidades de competencia y medio ambientales, integrando conceptos de competencia, innovación y rentabilidades sustentables en el tiempo basado en el correcto posicionamiento estratégico de productos y servicios. En un tercer paso se procede a desarrollar el sistema de control de gestión para el modelo de negocios, el cual se aplica a través de las herramientas de control de gestión. En el caso particular de este trabajo, se utilizó el Cuadro de Mando Integral, el cual cuenta con variados instrumentos. En él se separan los objetivos en cuatro perspectivas (financiera, cliente, procesos internos y aprendizaje y crecimiento), los cuales estarán enlazados entre sí, de forma causa – efecto; cada uno de estos objetivos contara con inductores o factores claves de éxito, los que representan la forma en que se lograra conseguir el objetivo; e indicadores, que tienen como finalidad mostrar si los objetivos se están cumpliendo. Como conclusión de este trabajo se sugiere que Chilectra Ecoenergias se diferencie ofreciéndoles soluciones integrales segmentadas a sus clientes, con equipos que cumplan estándares internacionales y mano de obra calificada, a través del modelo de negocios que proporciona las directrices correctas, integrando a colaboradores, personal interno y áreas comerciales, para lograr dicho objetivo. Verificando que se cumpla a través del Cuadro de Mando Integral, el que permita finalmente mantener un alineamiento estratégico, integrar a todos los partícipes en el éxito del área, tener un seguimiento y control de planes y proporcionar una herramienta importante de comunicación, motivación e incentivo.
For anybody is indifferent the complicated energetic situation that the planet is been through, mostly because of the volatility of petroleum and in Chile is not the only fact. The supplyment of natural gas is getting more limited daily, the price of the electricity is increasing, there are little specialist and even less incentives from the government about not Conventional Renewable Energies and there is litlle knowledge about Energy Eficiency. For all the previous reason, the global economy demands enterprices to put strong efforts in the development of new solutions and propositions about Not Conventional Renewable Energies and Energy Efficiency. That is the reason why the enterprises must be efficient and accomplish with all the energetic support requirements besides the optimal use of energetic resources in short term. In this scene it is necessary to provide tools and methodologies that allow to reach the goal, because the existing enterprises do not have the technology to stay competitive. Chilectra Econergias is an area that belongs to Chilectra S.A.; electricity supplier enterprise; which pretends to fill that blank and to provide integral solutions to the customers when it comes to Energetic Efficiency and Not Conventional Renewable Energy through three business lines: ERNC, EE Management and Efficient Electric Solutions. This area is not far from the requirement of the actual market and according to this, it becomes necessary to know the possible improvements that can be done in this management, therefore integrated and segmentated solutions can be offered to customers at the right time. The objective of this thesis is to provide to Chilectra Ecoenergias a Business Model and the management tools such as Balanced Score Card for the correct development of Energetic Efficiency and Renewable Energy, which can be riposted in any energetic industry, such as gas supplement. Analyzing Chilectra Ecoenergias management is possible to mention that there are some problems like the rigid business model and stopped product lines therefore the management control is not solid. In a first instance it was developed a Strategic Planification of this area, which contains the mission and the vision of the organization. Then it is necessary to proceed with an external analysis (PESTE) which analyzes the macro environment where the industry is placed and the five forces of Porter which pretends to reflect the opportunities and threats that this area has inside the industry. Next on an analysis of the supply chain. After that analysis it is possible to proceed to elaborate a strategy for the organization, considering the goals that must be accomplished to take advantage of the opportunities and strengths to get over the treats and weaknesses. This way, medium and short terms objectives can be reached. The second step is about formulate the business model considering the chosen strategy for the area, where the best practices of existing models for the private bank and supply chains where included, achieving through nine blocks (custom segment, value propose, distribution channels, customer relationships, incomes flow, key resources, key activities, collaborator net, cost structure) a flexible business model that can easily adapt to the national market and that responds to it’s needs of competence and environmental issues, integrating concepts such as innovation and sustainable profitability through the time based on the right strategic positioning of services and product. Finally in the third step consist on develop the control system of management for the business model which is applied through management control tools. In this particular case, Balanced Scorecard was the chosen tool. Here, all the objectives are separated in four perspectives (financial, customer, internal processes and learning - knowledge) which are all connected in a cause – effect way. Every of these objectives have key factors for success which represent the way to achieve the goal and indicator, which purpose is to show that the goals are been achieved. As a conclusion, it is recommended that Chilectra tries to make a difference when it comes to offer integral and segmented solutions to the customers, including equipment that fulfills international standards and qualified manpower through the business model that provides the right direction, integrating coworkers, internal employees and commercial areas to reach the final objective. All these facts can be verified through Balanced Scorecard which allows to keep a strategic alignment, having a control of the plans, including all the partakers in the succeed of the area, and to provide a very important tool which is communication, motivation and incentive.
For anybody is indifferent the complicated energetic situation that the planet is been through, mostly because of the volatility of petroleum and in Chile is not the only fact. The supplyment of natural gas is getting more limited daily, the price of the electricity is increasing, there are little specialist and even less incentives from the government about not Conventional Renewable Energies and there is litlle knowledge about Energy Eficiency. For all the previous reason, the global economy demands enterprices to put strong efforts in the development of new solutions and propositions about Not Conventional Renewable Energies and Energy Efficiency. That is the reason why the enterprises must be efficient and accomplish with all the energetic support requirements besides the optimal use of energetic resources in short term. In this scene it is necessary to provide tools and methodologies that allow to reach the goal, because the existing enterprises do not have the technology to stay competitive. Chilectra Econergias is an area that belongs to Chilectra S.A.; electricity supplier enterprise; which pretends to fill that blank and to provide integral solutions to the customers when it comes to Energetic Efficiency and Not Conventional Renewable Energy through three business lines: ERNC, EE Management and Efficient Electric Solutions. This area is not far from the requirement of the actual market and according to this, it becomes necessary to know the possible improvements that can be done in this management, therefore integrated and segmentated solutions can be offered to customers at the right time. The objective of this thesis is to provide to Chilectra Ecoenergias a Business Model and the management tools such as Balanced Score Card for the correct development of Energetic Efficiency and Renewable Energy, which can be riposted in any energetic industry, such as gas supplement. Analyzing Chilectra Ecoenergias management is possible to mention that there are some problems like the rigid business model and stopped product lines therefore the management control is not solid. In a first instance it was developed a Strategic Planification of this area, which contains the mission and the vision of the organization. Then it is necessary to proceed with an external analysis (PESTE) which analyzes the macro environment where the industry is placed and the five forces of Porter which pretends to reflect the opportunities and threats that this area has inside the industry. Next on an analysis of the supply chain. After that analysis it is possible to proceed to elaborate a strategy for the organization, considering the goals that must be accomplished to take advantage of the opportunities and strengths to get over the treats and weaknesses. This way, medium and short terms objectives can be reached. The second step is about formulate the business model considering the chosen strategy for the area, where the best practices of existing models for the private bank and supply chains where included, achieving through nine blocks (custom segment, value propose, distribution channels, customer relationships, incomes flow, key resources, key activities, collaborator net, cost structure) a flexible business model that can easily adapt to the national market and that responds to it’s needs of competence and environmental issues, integrating concepts such as innovation and sustainable profitability through the time based on the right strategic positioning of services and product. Finally in the third step consist on develop the control system of management for the business model which is applied through management control tools. In this particular case, Balanced Scorecard was the chosen tool. Here, all the objectives are separated in four perspectives (financial, customer, internal processes and learning - knowledge) which are all connected in a cause – effect way. Every of these objectives have key factors for success which represent the way to achieve the goal and indicator, which purpose is to show that the goals are been achieved. As a conclusion, it is recommended that Chilectra tries to make a difference when it comes to offer integral and segmented solutions to the customers, including equipment that fulfills international standards and qualified manpower through the business model that provides the right direction, integrating coworkers, internal employees and commercial areas to reach the final objective. All these facts can be verified through Balanced Scorecard which allows to keep a strategic alignment, having a control of the plans, including all the partakers in the succeed of the area, and to provide a very important tool which is communication, motivation and incentive.
Description
Keywords
Cuadro mando integral, Eficiencia energética, Modelo de negocios, Planificación estratégica
