Thesis PROPUESTA PARA LA INCORPORACIÓN DE FUNCIÓN OFICINA TÉCNICA EN EMPRESA PROVEEDORA DE EQUIPOS ELECTROMECÁNICOS
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Date
2019
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Program
INGENIERÍA MECÁNICA INDUSTRIAL
Campus
Campus San Joaquín, Santiago
Abstract
Actualmente en el desarrollo de proyectos electromecánicos relacionados a la generación de energía eléctrica, ya sea para hidroeléctricas, termoeléctricas, ERNC, o futuras nucleares, existen muchas empresas de suministro de equipamiento electromecánico que se insertan en el mercado nacional a competir en la adjudicación de nuevos contratos con clientes nuevos o ya existentes en este sector de la industria.
Este es el caso de la empresa en estudio, con casa matriz europea fabricante de turbinas y generadores para energía hidroeléctrica, térmica y nuclear, que participa activamente en el mercado nacional, hasta el año 2018 ha ejecutado tres contratos de proyectos hidroeléctricos, y tiene adjudicado uno más que debiese comenzar su construcción el año 2019. Sin embargo, a pesar de la experiencia y proyecciones en el mercado nacional, la empresa no cuenta con una estructura organizacional sólida, capaz de resolver las necesidades propias de los proyectos; no tiene una base de datos o un sistema de información con información técnica de proyectos anteriores, ni tampoco personal que participe en los procesos de licitación, montaje y puesta en servicio en los contratos electromecánicos que pueda adjudicarse.
Por esta razón el siguiente trabajo de titulación propone la incorporación de la función Oficina Técnica en esta empresa proveedora de equipos electromecánicos.
La función de Oficina Técnica, corresponde a una unidad organizacional que se inserta en la estructura actual, para resolver las necesidades antes descritas.
La determinación de necesidad de implementar esta unidad organizacional, se realiza mediante un análisis estratégico de la empresa, usando técnicas que relacionan la situación actual de sus fortalezas y debilidades internas junto con las amenazas y oportunidades del medio externo, dichas relaciones permiten reducir las debilidades de la empresa evitando las amenazas, y también aprovechar las oportunidades que presenta el mercado nacional.
Determinada la necesidad de implementar la Oficina Técnica, se realiza un estudio de la estructura organizacional actual, y cómo se debe reestructurar para la incorporación de esta nueva unidad.
En cuanto a la determinación de las funciones de la Oficina Técnica, se realiza un análisis QFD, que considera las necesidades de los clientes y la forma en que se puede resolver.
Con la obtención de los requerimientos de los clientes y de las funciones a realizar para resolver tales necesidades, se genera la propuesta de función de Oficina Técnica. Este corresponde a un departamento dentro de la organización de la empresa, con una dotación compuesta inicialmente de cuatro profesionales que trabajan en las áreas mecánica, eléctrica, control y telecomunicaciones, y de planificación y gestión documental para los proyectos electromecánicos de generación eléctrica. La estructura de la nueva organización corresponde a un diseño de organización matricial, teniendo la posibilidad de trabajar en proyectos de forma paralela, siendo necesario incorporar nuevos profesionales al departamento de Oficina Técnica, ya sea por la cantidad de trabajo demandante del proyecto en ejecución o por la ejecución contratos paralelos.
Por último, se realiza una evaluación económica de la implementación, con un horizonte de tres años, correspondiendo al tiempo promedio de ejecución para un proyecto de generación eléctrica. Para la empresa significa un costo considerable, pero la forma correcta de evaluar esta nueva función dentro de la organización es considerarla como una inversión a largo plazo que permite evitar multas dentro de los contratos, una correcta ejecución de los mismos y aumento de las probabilidades de adjudicarse nuevos contratos, permitiendo posicionar a la empresa como líder en el mercado nacional en el suministro de equipamiento electromecánico en proyectos de energía eléctrica.
Currently in the development of electromechanical projects related to the generation of electric power, whether for hydroelectric, thermoelectric, ERNC, or future nuclear, there are many supply companies of electromechanical equipment that are inserted in the national market to compete in the adjudication of new contracts with new or existing customers in this sector of the industry. This is the case of the company under study, with the European parent company manufacturer of turbines and generators for hydroelectric, thermal and nuclear energy, which actively participates in the national market, until 2018 has executed three contracts for hydroelectric projects, and has been awarded one more that should begin construction in 2019. However, despite the experience and projections in the national market, the company does not have a solid organizational structure capable of solving the needs of the projects; it does not have a database or information system with technical information from previous projects, nor does it have personnel that participate in the bidding, assembly and commissioning processes in the electromechanical contracts that may be awarded. For this reason, the following titling work proposes the incorporation of the Technical Office function in this electromechanical equipment supplier company. The Technical Office function corresponds to an organizational unit that is inserted in the current structure to meet the needs described above. The determination of the need to implement this organizational unit is made through a strategic analysis of the company, using techniques that relate the current situation of its internal strengths and weaknesses together with the threats and opportunities of the external environment, these relationships allow to reduce the weaknesses of the company avoiding threats, and also take advantage of the opportunities presented by the national market. Once the need to implement the Technical Office is determined, a study is made of the current organizational structure, and how it should be restructured for the incorporation of this new unit. As for the determination of the functions of the Technical Office, a QFD analysis is carried out, which considers the needs of the clients and the way in which they can be solved. With the obtaining of the requirements of the clients and of the functions to be carried out to solve such needs, the function proposal of the Technical Office is generated. This corresponds to a department within the organization of the company, with a staff composed initially of four professionals working in the mechanical, electrical, control and telecommunications, and planning and document management for electromechanical power generation projects. The structure of the new organization corresponds to a design of matrix organization, having the possibility of working on projects in parallel, being necessary to incorporate new professionals to the Technical Office department, either by the amount of work demanding the project in execution or by the execution of parallel contracts. Finally, an economic evaluation of the implementation is carried out, with a horizon of three years, corresponding to the average execution time for a power generation project. For the company means a considerable cost, but the correct way to evaluate this new function within the organization is to consider it as a long-term investment that allows to avoid fines within the contracts, a correct execution of the same and increase the probabilities of awarding new contracts, allowing the company to position itself as a leader in the national market in the supply of electromechanical equipment in electric power projects.
Currently in the development of electromechanical projects related to the generation of electric power, whether for hydroelectric, thermoelectric, ERNC, or future nuclear, there are many supply companies of electromechanical equipment that are inserted in the national market to compete in the adjudication of new contracts with new or existing customers in this sector of the industry. This is the case of the company under study, with the European parent company manufacturer of turbines and generators for hydroelectric, thermal and nuclear energy, which actively participates in the national market, until 2018 has executed three contracts for hydroelectric projects, and has been awarded one more that should begin construction in 2019. However, despite the experience and projections in the national market, the company does not have a solid organizational structure capable of solving the needs of the projects; it does not have a database or information system with technical information from previous projects, nor does it have personnel that participate in the bidding, assembly and commissioning processes in the electromechanical contracts that may be awarded. For this reason, the following titling work proposes the incorporation of the Technical Office function in this electromechanical equipment supplier company. The Technical Office function corresponds to an organizational unit that is inserted in the current structure to meet the needs described above. The determination of the need to implement this organizational unit is made through a strategic analysis of the company, using techniques that relate the current situation of its internal strengths and weaknesses together with the threats and opportunities of the external environment, these relationships allow to reduce the weaknesses of the company avoiding threats, and also take advantage of the opportunities presented by the national market. Once the need to implement the Technical Office is determined, a study is made of the current organizational structure, and how it should be restructured for the incorporation of this new unit. As for the determination of the functions of the Technical Office, a QFD analysis is carried out, which considers the needs of the clients and the way in which they can be solved. With the obtaining of the requirements of the clients and of the functions to be carried out to solve such needs, the function proposal of the Technical Office is generated. This corresponds to a department within the organization of the company, with a staff composed initially of four professionals working in the mechanical, electrical, control and telecommunications, and planning and document management for electromechanical power generation projects. The structure of the new organization corresponds to a design of matrix organization, having the possibility of working on projects in parallel, being necessary to incorporate new professionals to the Technical Office department, either by the amount of work demanding the project in execution or by the execution of parallel contracts. Finally, an economic evaluation of the implementation is carried out, with a horizon of three years, corresponding to the average execution time for a power generation project. For the company means a considerable cost, but the correct way to evaluate this new function within the organization is to consider it as a long-term investment that allows to avoid fines within the contracts, a correct execution of the same and increase the probabilities of awarding new contracts, allowing the company to position itself as a leader in the national market in the supply of electromechanical equipment in electric power projects.
Description
Keywords
OFICINA TECNICA, DESGLOSE DE LA FUNCION CALIDAD, EMPRESA PROVEEDORA DE EQUIPOS ELECTROMECANICOS