Thesis Análisis de prefactibilidad y recomendaciones para el desarrollo a nivel nacional de la tecnología agro fotovoltaica en Chile
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Date
2025
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Program
Ingeniería Civil Mecánica
Departament
Campus
Campus Santiago San Joaquín
Abstract
El cambio climático afecta la producción agrícola chilena, sobre todo en regiones con disponibilidad hídrica crítica, lo que exige medidas urgentes de adaptación y mitigación. En respuesta, GIZ y Fraunhofer Chile Research proponen impulsar la agrofotovoltaica (AgriPV): un uso dual del suelo que integra producción agrícola y generación de energía solar, pudiendo otorgar beneficios agrícolas al instalar paneles fotovoltaicos (FV) sobre el mismo terreno y abordando así los retos intersectoriales de agua, energía y suelo. Se plantea realizar un análisis de prefactibilidad y recomendaciones para el desarrollo a nivel nacional de la tecnología AgriPV en Chile.
La metodología combinó: (1) reuniones quincenales y sesiones presenciales con tres expertos en AgriPV para definir desafíos, beneficios, barreras y recomendaciones para la tecnología; y (2) un estudio técnico-económico que extrapoló el diseño del proyecto Piet Albers (Países Bajos) de 2,7 [MWp] a Chile, comparando sus costos con proyectos FV convencionales. Además, se seleccionaron cultivos frutícolas idóneos para AgriPV para regiones con potencial según mayor superficie cultivada.
A partir de la metodología descrita, el trabajo con expertos derivó en un Policy Brief cuyas recomendaciones destacan, ante todo, la necesidad de legislar para diferenciar al AgriPV de la FV convencional, paso considerado esencial por la experiencia internacional y decisivo para habilitar sus beneficios en proyectos de mediana y gran escala. En cuanto a la selección agrícola, se identificaron cultivos idóneos: cerezo (Regiones Metropolitana y O´Higgins), avellano europeo (Ñuble, La Araucanía y Los Lagos) y arándano americano (Biobío y Los Ríos). Por otra parte, el extrapolar el proyecto Piet Albers confirma que los paneles semi-transparentes pueden sustituir mallas de sombra y granizo, contribuyendo a un microclima más controlado y reduciendo la altura de la subestructura. Finalmente, el análisis de costos revela que este sistema AgriPV resulta ser un 36%mas costoso que un parque FV convencional, debido a la subestructura elevada (+200.000 [USD]) y a los paneles semi-transparentes (+90.000 [USD]).
Climate change affects Chilean agricultural production, especially in regions with critical water availability, which requires urgent adaptation and mitigation measures. In response, GIZ and Fraunhofer Chile Research propose to promote agro-photovoltaics (AgriPV): a dual land use that integrates agricultural production and solar energy generation, which can provide agricultural benefits by installing photovoltaic (PV) panels on the same land, thus addressing the intersectoral challenges of water, energy and soil. A pre-feasibility analysis and recommendations for the national development of AgriPV technology in Chile are proposed. The methodology combined: (1) biweekly meetings and face-to-face sessions with three AgriPV experts to define challenges, benefits, barriers and recommendations for the technology; and (2) a technical-economic study that extrapolated the design of the 2.7 [MWp] Piet Albers project (Netherlands) to Chile, comparing its costs with conventional PV projects. In addition, fruit crops suitable for AgriPV were selected for regions with potential based on larger cultivated area. Based on the methodology described above, the work with experts resulted in a Policy Brief whose recommendations highlight, above all, the need to legislate to differentiate AgriPV from conventional PV, a step considered essential by international experience and decisive to enable its benefits in medium and large-scale projects. In terms of agricultural selection, suitable crops were identified: cherry (Metropolitan and O’Higgins Regions), European hazelnut (Ñuble, La Araucanía and Los Lagos) and American blueberry (Biobío and Los Ríos). Moreover, extrapolating from the Piet Albers project confirms that semi-transparent panels can replace shade and hail nets, contributing to a more controlled microclimate and reducing the height of the substructure. Finally, the cost analysis reveals that this AgriPV system is 36%more expensive than a conventional PV system, due to the elevated substructure (+200,000 [USD]) and the semi-transparent panels (+90,000 [USD]).
Climate change affects Chilean agricultural production, especially in regions with critical water availability, which requires urgent adaptation and mitigation measures. In response, GIZ and Fraunhofer Chile Research propose to promote agro-photovoltaics (AgriPV): a dual land use that integrates agricultural production and solar energy generation, which can provide agricultural benefits by installing photovoltaic (PV) panels on the same land, thus addressing the intersectoral challenges of water, energy and soil. A pre-feasibility analysis and recommendations for the national development of AgriPV technology in Chile are proposed. The methodology combined: (1) biweekly meetings and face-to-face sessions with three AgriPV experts to define challenges, benefits, barriers and recommendations for the technology; and (2) a technical-economic study that extrapolated the design of the 2.7 [MWp] Piet Albers project (Netherlands) to Chile, comparing its costs with conventional PV projects. In addition, fruit crops suitable for AgriPV were selected for regions with potential based on larger cultivated area. Based on the methodology described above, the work with experts resulted in a Policy Brief whose recommendations highlight, above all, the need to legislate to differentiate AgriPV from conventional PV, a step considered essential by international experience and decisive to enable its benefits in medium and large-scale projects. In terms of agricultural selection, suitable crops were identified: cherry (Metropolitan and O’Higgins Regions), European hazelnut (Ñuble, La Araucanía and Los Lagos) and American blueberry (Biobío and Los Ríos). Moreover, extrapolating from the Piet Albers project confirms that semi-transparent panels can replace shade and hail nets, contributing to a more controlled microclimate and reducing the height of the substructure. Finally, the cost analysis reveals that this AgriPV system is 36%more expensive than a conventional PV system, due to the elevated substructure (+200,000 [USD]) and the semi-transparent panels (+90,000 [USD]).
Description
Keywords
Cambio climático, Agrofotovoltaica, Legislación
