Thesis APLICACION COMERCIAL DE LA AEROFOTOGRAMETRIA DIGITAL. MODELAMIENTO DE PLAN DE NEGOCIOS.
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Date
2010-09
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Program
INGENIERÍA EN AVIACIÓN COMERCIAL
Campus
Campus Vitacura, Santiago
Abstract
Fueron necesarios 100 años para que la fotogrametría comenzara a ser considerada seriamente para la obtención de información geográfica. Pero tan solo un par de décadas para que su atractivo comercial tomara atractivo, no sólo por la calidad de su información, también por su versatilidad de usos y las diferentes alternativas operativas (plataforma, sensor, hardware, software) que permiten optimizar las inversiones relacionadas. En Chile esta tecnología comenzó a ser utilizada a mediados del siglo XX, pero fue desde la década de los 90 que comenzó la explosión comercial del rubro con la integración de diversos competidores al mercado. Hasta el día de hoy ya se contabilizan al menos 601empresas dedicadas al rubro. El informe que se presenta a continuación, apunta a ofrecer una alternativa de alta precisión y bajo costo para comenzar la operación de una empresa comercialmente competitiva. Así, el sistema fotogramétrico utilizado incorpora un sistema de sensores Lidar y Óptico-Digital para alcanzar niveles sub métricos de precisión tanto horizontal como vertical y una plataforma aérea no tripulada (UAV) cuya ventaja más importante es la de reducir aproximadamente en 15 veces los costos operacionales directos. El mercado principal al que apunta el servicio ofrecido es el de la minería, y en especial las tareas de exploración minera. Éste mercado tiene una proyección creciente estimada en un 4% anual. Dado que el mercado se encuentra en expansión, la estrategia comercial de la empresa apuntará a captar inicialmente un 20% de éste, para finalizar con el 100% de los nuevos clientes entrantes. De cualquier modo, los mercados forestales y de construcción no quedas excluidos de la posible demanda a captar. La estructura de la empresa muestra que la inversión en activos alcanza los 800 millones de pesos chilenos siendo este el principal activo de la empresa con un 72% de participación. La plataforma aérea se ubica en segundo lugar con un 24% de participación. Y en tercer lugar el resto de los activos con un 4%. En cuanto a los costos, la principal composición de estos corresponde a costos fijos con un promedio de 95% durante los 10 años de análisis del proyecto. Los costos variables solo promedian un 5% de participación. Un análisis en detalle, muestra quela causa de los altos costos fijos es justificada por el capital humano en el área de restitución fotogramétrica, ya que el constante crecimiento de la demanda requiere de mayor mano de obra. Los costos operacionales estimados incluyen el vuelo fotogramétrico, transporte y alojamiento. Referente a los ingresos, se estableció un precio de venta por hectárea de0,0273 UF (aproximadamente $582,reajustado anualmente de acuerdo al valor de la UF). Este precio tiene un margen de un 70% sobre el precio de costo que genera la empresa (el primer año).
Para analizar los flujos futuros de la empresa, se determinó una tasa de costo de capital de un 12,58%, un horizonte de análisis de 10 años y adicionalmente al flujo del proyecto puro, se estudió el comportamiento de los flujos con un crédito bancario (CORFO) con un período de pago de 10 año, y a una tasa de interés fija anual de un 11,5% que cubre la totalidad de la inversión en activos. El resto del capital requerido proviene de recursos propios. Se obtuvo un Valor Actual Neto positivo para cada una de las alternativas de financiamiento analizada aunque con mayor ganancia extra para la opción con financiamiento externo. •VAN Proyecto Puro: $53.182.318•VAN Proyecto Financiado(100% Activos vía CORFO): $133.096.018Adicionalmente, empleando el modelo Monte Carlo, se analizaron 10.000 escenarios variando la demanda y el precio de venta para determinar la probabilidad de obtener un VAN igual o superior a 0. Esta probabilidad alcanzó un 83,73% de éxito en el cumplimiento del objetivo. Otro análisis importante fue el precio de quiebre del proyecto, que con una demanda variada con una distribución normal para cada período, se establecieron 234 diferentes soluciones cada una con 1.000 diferentes escenarios de demanda. La solución más cercana a entregar un VAN = 0 se alcanzó con un precio de venta de $499,753 por hectárea. A pesar de obtener resultados positivos para las diferentes pruebas realizadas, la variable más importante corresponde a la del precio de venta, que puede impactar muy fuerte en la demanda captada. Es por eso que tener un margen de $83 es importante para asegurar la penetración de mercado planificada y poder competir con bajos precios.
It took 100 years for photogrammetry to be seriously considered for obtaining geographic information. But only a couple of decades forits commercial appealto becomeattractive, not only by the quality of theinformation,also by theapplications versatility and different operational configurations (platform, sensor, hardware, software) that enable optimize the related investments.In Chile this technology startedto be used frommid-twentiethcentury, but was sincethe 90s that the commercial explosion started,integratingvarious market players. Until nowadays at least 602companiesrelated to the business can be found.The report presented below, aims to offer a high precision and low cost alternative to begin the operation of a commercially competitivebussiness. Thus, the photogrammetric system used incorporates a Lidar and Optical-Digital sensor system to achieve sub-metric precision levels,both horizontal and vertical,also an unmanned aerial platform (UAV) whose main advantage is to reduce by approximately 15 times the direct operational costs.The mining industry is the main market aimed by the offered service, especially the mining exploration tasks. This market has an annual growthprojection estimated at 4%. Due tothe market is expansion, the company's business strategy will aim to initially capture 20% of this enlargement, finishingwith a 100% of the new incoming clients. However, the forestry andconstruction markets are not excluded from the possible demand to catch.The company’s structureshows that assets investment reaches 800 million Chilean pesos, being the main asset of the company with a 72% stake. The aerial platform is in second place with a 24% stake. And third, the remaining assets witha 4%. As for costs, the main structureof these fixed costs corresponds to an average of 95% during the10 years of the project analysis. Variable costs averaged only 5% of the entire participation. A detailed analysis shows that the cause of the high fixed costs is justified by human capital belongingto the photogrammetric restitution area, because the rapidly growing demand requires more manpower. The estimated operational costs include aerial photography, travel and accommodation.Regarding to income, aselling price per hectare was established reaching0.0273 U.F.(approximately $ 582,annually adjusted according to the value of the UF). This price has a 70% margin above the costsprice generatedbythe company (first year). To analyze future cash flows of the company, a capital cost rate of 12.58% was identified,with ananalysis horizon of 10 years and in addition to the pure project flow, a behavior of flows with a bank loan (CORFO) was studied, with a repayment period of 10 years, and an annual fixed interest rate of 11.5% which covers the entire investment assets. The rest of the capital required comes from own resources.A positive Net Present Value for each of the financing alternatives analyzed was obtained alsowith a higher extra gain for the external financingoption.•NPV Pure Project: $ 53,182,318•NPVFinancedProject (100% AssetsviaCORFO): $133,096,018Additionally, using the Monte Carlo model, 10,000 different scenarios were analyzed,changing thedemand and selling price to determine the probability of obtaining an NPV equal or higherthan 0. This probability reached an 83.73% of success in meeting the target.Another important analysiswas the breakdown price of the project, settlinga demand with a normal distribution deviation for each period, 234 different solutions were established each with 1,000 different demand scenarios. The closest solution to deliver an NPV = 0 wasreached with a sale price of $ 499.753 per hectare.Despite positive results for the different tests, the most important variable corresponds to the sales price, which can generate a strong impactin captured demand. That's why we havingan$ 83margin is important to ensure market penetration and be ableto compete with low prices.
It took 100 years for photogrammetry to be seriously considered for obtaining geographic information. But only a couple of decades forits commercial appealto becomeattractive, not only by the quality of theinformation,also by theapplications versatility and different operational configurations (platform, sensor, hardware, software) that enable optimize the related investments.In Chile this technology startedto be used frommid-twentiethcentury, but was sincethe 90s that the commercial explosion started,integratingvarious market players. Until nowadays at least 602companiesrelated to the business can be found.The report presented below, aims to offer a high precision and low cost alternative to begin the operation of a commercially competitivebussiness. Thus, the photogrammetric system used incorporates a Lidar and Optical-Digital sensor system to achieve sub-metric precision levels,both horizontal and vertical,also an unmanned aerial platform (UAV) whose main advantage is to reduce by approximately 15 times the direct operational costs.The mining industry is the main market aimed by the offered service, especially the mining exploration tasks. This market has an annual growthprojection estimated at 4%. Due tothe market is expansion, the company's business strategy will aim to initially capture 20% of this enlargement, finishingwith a 100% of the new incoming clients. However, the forestry andconstruction markets are not excluded from the possible demand to catch.The company’s structureshows that assets investment reaches 800 million Chilean pesos, being the main asset of the company with a 72% stake. The aerial platform is in second place with a 24% stake. And third, the remaining assets witha 4%. As for costs, the main structureof these fixed costs corresponds to an average of 95% during the10 years of the project analysis. Variable costs averaged only 5% of the entire participation. A detailed analysis shows that the cause of the high fixed costs is justified by human capital belongingto the photogrammetric restitution area, because the rapidly growing demand requires more manpower. The estimated operational costs include aerial photography, travel and accommodation.Regarding to income, aselling price per hectare was established reaching0.0273 U.F.(approximately $ 582,annually adjusted according to the value of the UF). This price has a 70% margin above the costsprice generatedbythe company (first year). To analyze future cash flows of the company, a capital cost rate of 12.58% was identified,with ananalysis horizon of 10 years and in addition to the pure project flow, a behavior of flows with a bank loan (CORFO) was studied, with a repayment period of 10 years, and an annual fixed interest rate of 11.5% which covers the entire investment assets. The rest of the capital required comes from own resources.A positive Net Present Value for each of the financing alternatives analyzed was obtained alsowith a higher extra gain for the external financingoption.•NPV Pure Project: $ 53,182,318•NPVFinancedProject (100% AssetsviaCORFO): $133,096,018Additionally, using the Monte Carlo model, 10,000 different scenarios were analyzed,changing thedemand and selling price to determine the probability of obtaining an NPV equal or higherthan 0. This probability reached an 83.73% of success in meeting the target.Another important analysiswas the breakdown price of the project, settlinga demand with a normal distribution deviation for each period, 234 different solutions were established each with 1,000 different demand scenarios. The closest solution to deliver an NPV = 0 wasreached with a sale price of $ 499.753 per hectare.Despite positive results for the different tests, the most important variable corresponds to the sales price, which can generate a strong impactin captured demand. That's why we havingan$ 83margin is important to ensure market penetration and be ableto compete with low prices.
Description
Keywords
ESTUDIOS DE FACTIBILIDAD, ADMINISTRACION DE EMPRESAS, FOTOMETRIA