Thesis VIABILIDAD TÉCNICO Y ECONÓMICA DE VALORIZAR ENERGÉTICAMENTE LOS RESIDUOS DE POMASA PARA SUMINISTRAR CALOR A PROCESOS DE UNA PLANTA AGROINDUSTRIAL
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Date
2018
Authors
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Program
UNIVERSIDAD TÉCNICA FEDERICO SANTA MARÍA UTFSM. DEPARTAMENTO DE INGENIERÍA MECÁNICA. MAGÍSTER EN ECONOMÍA ENERGÉTICA
Campus
Campus Vitacura, Santiago
Abstract
La valorización energética es una estrategia que rápidamente está cobrando fuerzas, debido a la creciente demanda de energía a nivel mundial, como a su vez, a la imperiosa necesidad de garantizar un uso más eficiente de los recursos. Los residuos orgánicos, que comúnmente son dispuestos en rellenos sanitarios para su eliminación, tienen un gran potencial de ser aprovechados para generar energía, existiendo un conjunto de diversas tecnologías disponibles para su transformación, y dentro de las cuales, podemos destacar aquella relacionada con el proceso de digestión anaeróbica con una importante cantidad de plantas y sistemas operando alrededor del mundo.
En virtud de lo anterior, resulta atractivo analizar a nivel nacional y desde un punto de vista técnico y económico, un caso real de valorización energética de residuos orgánicos y determinar su factibilidad y posibilidad comercial de ejecución.
De esta forma, la presente tesina analiza y evalúa las ventajas técnico-económicas de aprovechar la pomasa generada por una instalación agroindustrial, que a partir de un proceso de digestión anaeróbica, permite la generación de biogás, con la finalidad de genera calor y reemplazar los respectivos consumos de combustibles fósiles, como GNL o Petróleo Nº6, que actualmente utiliza la planta agroindustrial en sus procesos productivos.
A partir de los resultados obtenidos, se pudo determinar que la pomasa por su alto contenido de solidos volátiles, resulta factible poder realizar su valorización energética mediante un proceso de digestión anaeróbica, con la desventaja de presentar valores de pH y relación carbono-nitrógeno menores a lo recomendado, por lo que requiere un pretratamiento o ecualización del sustrato antes de ser procesados. La evaluación del proyecto obtiene un resultado positivo, con una VAN que supera los US$ 280 M y alcanza una TIR de 21,4%.
Energy valuation is a strategy that is rapidly gaining strength, due to the increasing demand for energy at a worldwide level, as well as the urgent need to ensure more efficient use of resources. Organic waste, which is commonly disposed in landfills, has a great potential to generate energy, there is a set of different technologies available, and among which, we can highlight the ones related to the anaerobic digestion process of the pomace with a significant number of facilities and systems operating around the world. In view of the foregoing, it is attractive to analyze, at a national level and from a technical and financial point of view, a real case of energy valuation of organic waste and determine its feasibility and an eventual commercial opportunity of implementation. In this way, the present thesis analyzes and evaluates the technical- economic advantages of using the pomace generated by an agroindustrial installation, that from a process of anaerobic digestion, generated biogas. This in order to generate heat and replace the respective consumption of fossil fuels such as LNG or oil No. 6, which is currently use in the production processes of an agroindustrial plant. With the results , it was determined that the pomace for its high content of volatile solids, it is feasible to perform energy recovery through a process of anaerobic digestion, with the disadvantage of presenting pH and carbon-nitrogen minor to the recommended, so it requires a pre-treatment or equalization of the substrate before being processed. The evaluation of the project obtains a positive result, with a NPV that exceeds US$ 280 M and reaches an IRR of 21.4%.
Energy valuation is a strategy that is rapidly gaining strength, due to the increasing demand for energy at a worldwide level, as well as the urgent need to ensure more efficient use of resources. Organic waste, which is commonly disposed in landfills, has a great potential to generate energy, there is a set of different technologies available, and among which, we can highlight the ones related to the anaerobic digestion process of the pomace with a significant number of facilities and systems operating around the world. In view of the foregoing, it is attractive to analyze, at a national level and from a technical and financial point of view, a real case of energy valuation of organic waste and determine its feasibility and an eventual commercial opportunity of implementation. In this way, the present thesis analyzes and evaluates the technical- economic advantages of using the pomace generated by an agroindustrial installation, that from a process of anaerobic digestion, generated biogas. This in order to generate heat and replace the respective consumption of fossil fuels such as LNG or oil No. 6, which is currently use in the production processes of an agroindustrial plant. With the results , it was determined that the pomace for its high content of volatile solids, it is feasible to perform energy recovery through a process of anaerobic digestion, with the disadvantage of presenting pH and carbon-nitrogen minor to the recommended, so it requires a pre-treatment or equalization of the substrate before being processed. The evaluation of the project obtains a positive result, with a NPV that exceeds US$ 280 M and reaches an IRR of 21.4%.
Description
Keywords
POMASA, RESIDUOS DE TOMATE, VALORIZACION ENERGETICA, DIGESTION ANAEROBICA