Thesis NITRIFICACIÓN Y DESNITRIFICACIÓN AUTÓTROFA SIMULTÁNEA EN UN REACTOR SECUENCIAL BATCH USANDO AZUFRE ELEMENTAL COMO DADOR DE ELECTRONES
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Date
2019-10
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
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Program
DEPARTAMENTO DE INGENIERÍA QUÍMICA Y AMBIENTAL. MAGÍSTER EN CIENCIAS DE LA INGENIERÍA QUÍMICA
Campus
Casa Central Valparaíso
Abstract
La tecnología de nitrificación-desnitrificación autótrofa simultánea en un reactor secuencial
batch (SND-SBR) resulta ser una tecnología emergente (en fase de estudio) y versátil para la
eliminación de compuestos nitrogenados presentes en efluentes de la industria. Sin embargo,
requiere una atención especial en las estrategias operativas debido a la baja tasa de
crecimiento de los microorganismos autótrofos, la sensibilidad a los cambios de pH,
temperatura y oxígeno disuelto, además de los costos energéticos en los que se incurren al
tratar de controlar estas variables.
El objetivo de la investigación consiste la puesta en marcha y posterior operación de un
reactor SBR de nitrificación/desnitrificación autótrofa con azufre elemental como dador de
electrones, con el fin de evaluar el comportamiento operacional y estudiar la cinética del
sistema propuesto, en el marco del proyecto Fondecyt 1170103: “Simultaneous Removal of
Carbon-Nitrogen-Sulfide in a New Sequential Batch Biofilm Reactor with Elemental Sulfur
and Zeolite as Support: Performance and Modeling”.
Para ello, se montó un reactor de 2 L, el cual se inoculó utilizando lodo anaerobio de purín
de cerdo y lodo aerobio obtenido de una planta faenadora de pollos. El reactor fue operado
con una estrategia de alimentación distribuida, también llamada step-feed, la que permite
disminuir los efectos de inhibición por sustrato. La operación se realizó con ciclos de tres
días, distribuidos en 3 alimentaciones de una hora cada una, luego ocho horas de operación
anóxica donde es llevada a cabo la desnitrificación, ocho horas de operación aireada donde
es llevada a cabo la nitrificación, seis horas más de operación anóxica y finalmente una hora
de operación aeróbica. Al finalizar el tercer sub-ciclo, se realiza una sedimentación y
posterior extracción del efluente.
El sistema SND-SBR fue operado un total de 154 días en los cuales se realizaron 51 ciclos
completos. Se operó con velocidades de carga nitrogenada (VCN) ascendente, desde 0,0296
hasta 0,0426 kg NTK/m3·d. La relación C/N se mantuvo constante durante toda la operación
a través del uso de una alimentación sintética. El reactor se mantuvo en ambiente de
oscuridad y a una temperatura de 31ºC.
Simultaneous autotrophic nitrification-denitrification technology in a batch sequential reactor (SND-SBR) turns out to be an emerging and versatile technology for the elimination of nitrogen compounds present in industry effluents. However, it requires special attention in operational strategies due to the low growth rate of autotrophic microorganisms, sensitivity to changes in pH, temperature and dissolved oxygen, in addition to the energy costs incurred in trying to control these variables The objective of the investigation was the start-up and subsequent operation of an SBR autotrophic nitrification / denitrification reactor with elemental sulfur as an electron donor, in order to evaluate the operational behavior and study the kinetics of the proposed system. For this, a 2 L reactor was mounted, which was inoculated using anaerobic sludge of pig slurry and aerobic sludge obtained from a chicken slaughter plant. The reactor was operated with a distributed feeding strategy, also called step-feed, this strategy allows to reduce the effects of substrate inhibition. The operation was performed with three-day cycles, distributed in 3 feeds of one hour each, then eight hours of anoxic operation where denitrification is carried out, eight hours of aerated operation where nitrification is carried out, six more hours of anoxic operation and finally one hour of aerobic operation. At the end of the third subcycle, sedimentation and subsequent effluent extraction are performed. The SND-SBR system was operated a total of 154 days in which 51 complete cycles were performed. It was operated with ascending nitrogen loading (VCN) speeds, from 0.0296 to 0.0426 kg NTK / m3 · d. The C / N ratio remained constant throughout the operation through the use of a synthetic feed. The reactor was kept in a dark environment and at a temperature of 31 ° C.
Simultaneous autotrophic nitrification-denitrification technology in a batch sequential reactor (SND-SBR) turns out to be an emerging and versatile technology for the elimination of nitrogen compounds present in industry effluents. However, it requires special attention in operational strategies due to the low growth rate of autotrophic microorganisms, sensitivity to changes in pH, temperature and dissolved oxygen, in addition to the energy costs incurred in trying to control these variables The objective of the investigation was the start-up and subsequent operation of an SBR autotrophic nitrification / denitrification reactor with elemental sulfur as an electron donor, in order to evaluate the operational behavior and study the kinetics of the proposed system. For this, a 2 L reactor was mounted, which was inoculated using anaerobic sludge of pig slurry and aerobic sludge obtained from a chicken slaughter plant. The reactor was operated with a distributed feeding strategy, also called step-feed, this strategy allows to reduce the effects of substrate inhibition. The operation was performed with three-day cycles, distributed in 3 feeds of one hour each, then eight hours of anoxic operation where denitrification is carried out, eight hours of aerated operation where nitrification is carried out, six more hours of anoxic operation and finally one hour of aerobic operation. At the end of the third subcycle, sedimentation and subsequent effluent extraction are performed. The SND-SBR system was operated a total of 154 days in which 51 complete cycles were performed. It was operated with ascending nitrogen loading (VCN) speeds, from 0.0296 to 0.0426 kg NTK / m3 · d. The C / N ratio remained constant throughout the operation through the use of a synthetic feed. The reactor was kept in a dark environment and at a temperature of 31 ° C.
Description
Keywords
NITRIFICACIÓN, DESNITRIFICACIÓN, AUTÓTROFO, SIMULTÁNEA, AZUFRE