Thesis Desarrollo e implementación de modelo de predicción microestructural para simulación numérica del proceso WAAM
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Date
2026
Authors
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Journal ISSN
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Program
Ingeniería Civil Metalúrgica
Campus
Campus Casa Central Valparaíso
Abstract
El proceso Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) es una alternativa de manufactura aditiva que utiliza un arco eléctrico igual al de soldadura para derretir el metal. Este procceso, permite la fabricación y reparación de componentes metálicos de gran tamaño, debido a su elevada tasa de deposición, mayor eficiencia en el uso de material y mayor flexibilidad en la fabricación de piezas complejas. Sin embargo, la calidad final de las piezas depende de los ciclos térmicos y de la evolución microestructural desarrollada durante la deposición. Esta evolución, cuenta con pocos estudios predictivos mediante simulación, lo que evidencia una brecha en la cantidad de simulaciones respecto de otros procesos. Este trabajo tiene por objetivo ser un aporte en la modelación del proceso para predecir la formación de microestructura y la descripción de la cinética de solidificación. Para esto, se implementó en OpenSolid un modelo de deposición de materia y energía para representar el proceso WAAM. OpenSolid es un software desarrollado por el Institut Jean Lamour (UL-CNRS) dedicado a la simulación numérica de procesos industriales que involucra solidificación de aleaciones metálicas, tales como, colada de lingotes, colada continua de acero y colada semi-continua de aluminio, que permite la predicción microestructural del metal solidificado. El modelo utilizado integró modelos de deposición de masa y energía puntual, balance de energía, nucleación de granos equiaxiales, conservación de masa, distribución de soluto y crecimiento de la envolvente dendrítica. El modelo se aplicó en un dominio computacional compuesto por un sustrato y un cordón rectangular equivalente de acero inoxidable ER308L, al cual se le generó un mallado que permitió resolver los modelos mediante el método de volúmenes finitos. Se analizaron dos condiciones de aporte térmico con el propósito de (...).
The Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) process is an additive manufacturing alternative that uses an electric arc, similar to that employed in welding, to melt the metal. This process enables the manufacture and repair of large metallic components due to its high deposition rate, greater material efficiency, and increased flexibility in the fabrication of complex parts. However, the final quality of the manufactured components depends on the thermal cycles and the microstructural evolution developed during deposition. Predictive simulation studies addressing this evolution remain limited, revealing a gap in the number of numerical investigations compared with other manufacturing processes. The objective of this work is to contribute to the modelling of the process by predicting microstructure formation and describing the solidification kinetics. For this purpose, a mass and energy deposition model was implemented in OpenSolid to represent the WAAM process. OpenSolid is a software developed by the Institut Jean Lamour (UL-CNRS) for the numerical simulation of industrial processes involving the solidification of metallic alloys, such as ingot casting, continuous steel casting, and semi-continuous aluminium casting, allowing the prediction of the microstructure of the solidified metal. The model integrated pointwise mass and energy deposition models, an energy balance, equiaxed grain nucleation, mass conservation, solute redistribution, and dendritic envelope growth. The model was applied to a computational domain composed of a substrate and an equivalent rectangular ER308L stainless steel bead. A computational mesh was generated to solve the governing models using the finite volume method. Two heat-input conditions were analysed in order to determine (...).
The Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) process is an additive manufacturing alternative that uses an electric arc, similar to that employed in welding, to melt the metal. This process enables the manufacture and repair of large metallic components due to its high deposition rate, greater material efficiency, and increased flexibility in the fabrication of complex parts. However, the final quality of the manufactured components depends on the thermal cycles and the microstructural evolution developed during deposition. Predictive simulation studies addressing this evolution remain limited, revealing a gap in the number of numerical investigations compared with other manufacturing processes. The objective of this work is to contribute to the modelling of the process by predicting microstructure formation and describing the solidification kinetics. For this purpose, a mass and energy deposition model was implemented in OpenSolid to represent the WAAM process. OpenSolid is a software developed by the Institut Jean Lamour (UL-CNRS) for the numerical simulation of industrial processes involving the solidification of metallic alloys, such as ingot casting, continuous steel casting, and semi-continuous aluminium casting, allowing the prediction of the microstructure of the solidified metal. The model integrated pointwise mass and energy deposition models, an energy balance, equiaxed grain nucleation, mass conservation, solute redistribution, and dendritic envelope growth. The model was applied to a computational domain composed of a substrate and an equivalent rectangular ER308L stainless steel bead. A computational mesh was generated to solve the governing models using the finite volume method. Two heat-input conditions were analysed in order to determine (...).
Description
Keywords
Manufactura aditiva, Simulación numérica, Modelación microestructural, Cinética de solidificación, Transferencia de calor, Aleaciones metálicas, Crecimiento dendrítico, Método de volúmenes finito
