Thesis Estandarización de proceso de logística inversa para unidades rotables en centros de mantenimiento externos . Caso LATAM
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Date
2015-01
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
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Program
Ingeniería en Aviación Comercial
Departament
Campus
Campus Santiago Vitacura
Abstract
Toda empresa, ya sea pequeñas o grandes, siempre buscan mejorar sus procesos de la manera más eficiente. Este es el caso que tiene LATAM, específicamente en el área de Redelivery & Check Externa. Esta área es la que necesita generar los procesos para el abastecimiento de materiales rotables para aviones que se encuentran en centros de mantenimiento externos (MRO), estos materiales tienen dos tipos de procesos, los primeros son los que se deben abastecer desde los proveedores a las distintas MRO, este tipo de material es conocido como ON. Lo que se busca es definir bajo qué condiciones y quienes son los responsables en cada etapa por la cual pasa la unidad desde el momento que es requerida, siempre tratando de lograr que se abastezcan desde lo más económico y rápido posible a lo que menos le convendría a la compañía en términos de costos y fluidez. Teniendo claro estos puntos es posible detectar cada proceso por los que pasan las unidades, identificando la mejor forma de abastecimiento, bajo los costos apropiados y la velocidad correspondiente para llegar en los tiempos que son requeridas las unidades en los distintos centros de mantenimiento alrededor del mundo. Las formas de abastecimiento varían cuando se trata de check´s de mantenimiento mayor a cuando se trata de check´s de devolución. Las formas de abastecimiento varían ya que el primer tipo de check se trata de aviones que se quedan en la compañía mientras que el segundo tipo de check se trata de aviones se salen de la compañía por lo que la forma de abastecer también cambia ya que los materiales que se abastecen en las devoluciones dejan de ser activos fijos de LATAM. Por tanto, es importante dejar en claro bajo qué tipo de formas de abastecimiento se puede utilizar cada tipo de check. El otro caso son los componentes OFF, este tipo de material es el que se baja de los aviones que se encuentran en mantenimiento y deben ser reparados ya que dejan de estar serviciales por distintos motivos, este tipo de material no pasa por un proceso de SCRAP( botar el material) ya que se trata de unidades específicas que tienen la particularidad de que se pueden reparar para así poder ser reutilizadas, la tarea es más complicada ya que cada unidad debe tener un control mayor que el que se está empleando hoy en día. Las unidades OFF tienen el problema a la hora de ser solicitada por parte de los compradores que se encuentran en SCL (personal encargado del abastecimiento de materiales en las MRO externas), ya que cuando son solicitadas estas unidades, las personas responsables en las distintas MRO no pueden ubicar el material de manera rápida y efectiva, lo que finalmente deriva en atrasos con los distintos proveedores donde debe ser retornada la unidad. Para esto, es que se implementa un plan de acción con este tipo de material, a través de la logística inversa, la cual pretende estandarizar los procesos, detectando responsables en cada uno de los sectores por los cuales va pasando el material, hasta que finalmente retorne donde corresponda. Luego de tener identificado los procesos por los que deberían pasar estas unidades, se tratara de implementar una mejora de procesos, donde finalmente se podrá retornar la unidad OFF de manera mucho más eficiente, cumpliendo de este modo con los plazos que se tienen por contrato con los distintos proveedores con los cuales cuenta LATAM. Esta mejora de procesos se identifica como la ZONA VERDE VIRTUAL. Los materiales a la hora de su devolución pasan por distintos sectores donde son identificadas, ya sea por el PN y SN y así saber a quién corresponde y tener claro que hacer con este tipo de material. Lo que hace específicamente la ZONA VERDE, que es una de las partes del proceso actual, es decir en qué condiciones se encuentra el material, tomarle fotografías para tener claridad cómo se está retornando la unidad y asignar para quien debe ir dirigido. Este tipo de procedimientos se hace en SCL o en las filiales de LATAM, por lo tanto desde la MRO debe llegar el material a las filiales, ser ingresado por recepción, para posteriormente llegar a ZONA VERDE donde hace el procedimiento antes descrito. Lo que se busca con esta ZONA VERDE VIRTUAL es que desde la misma MRO se pueda hacer este tipo de procedimientos y así enviar de forma directa al proveedor el material que corresponda. Esto se logra asignando la responsabilidad al comprador que se encuentra en SCL, el será capaz de comunicarse con los responsables en las distintas MRO para que puedan enviarle las fotografías correspondientes, así el comprador tendrá la capacidad de adjuntar las fotografías por sistema y dar instrucciones de envío con la documentación que corresponda al proveedor indicado. Con esto se evita que las unidades OFF pasen por SCL para luego enviarse a los lugares que corresponda. Estamos hablando de aproximadamente una semana antes en la entrega de materiales. Con este tipo de procedimientos de logística inversa logramos agilizar los procesos de retorno de materiales a los proveedores, ahorrando importantes costos en términos de LATE FEE (multa por atraso en días en entrega de material) y OUTRIGHT (costo total de la unidad por no ser entregada en los plazos establecidos por contrato), se estima que aproximadamente se logra generar un ahorro del 57% en costos de componentes. Además de generar una cadena mucho más eficiente donde se tendrían claro los responsables de cada proceso y así atacar el problema, si así fuese, de manera mucho más eficiente. Finalmente se logra establecer los procesos para las unidades ON/OFF, estandarizando e identificando responsables en cada parte de la cadena, además de generar una mejora de procesos al implementar la ZONA VERDE VIRTUAL la cual nos ayuda a agilizar la entrega de materiales al lugar indicado, generando de este modo un ahorro importante para la compañía que se traduce en mejores procesos y grandes ahorros que ayudan a convertir a LATAM en una compañía mucho más eficiente y responsable con sus proveedores, dando confianza a estos para poder hacer negocios en futuras ocasiones.
Every business, whether small or large, always seeking to improve their processes more efficiently. This is the case that has LATAM, specifically in the area of redelivery & Check External. This area is the need to generate processes for the supply of rotable materials for aircraft that are in external maintenance centers (MRO), these materials have two types of processes, the first are those that should supply from suppliers to different MRO, this material is known as oN. What is sought is to define under what conditions and who are responsible for each stage through which passes the unit from the time that is required, always trying to get them to cater for the most economical and fast as possible to the least you should the company in terms of costs and fluency. Being clear about these points is possible to detect each process by passing units, identifying how best to supply, under the appropriate costs and the corresponding speed to arrive in time units that are required in various service centers around the world . Forms vary when supply is higher check's when it comes to return check's maintenance. Supply forms vary as the first type of check is aircraft that remain in the company while the second type of check is aircraft leaving the company so the form of supply also changes as the materials sourcing from refunds longer fixed assets of LATAM. Therefore it is important to make clear under what sorts of ways to supply you can use each type of check. The other case is the OFF components, this material is moving down aircraft that are in maintenance and should be repaired because they are no longer serviceable for various reasons, such material does not go through a process of SCRAP (Dispose of the material) as it is specific units having the peculiarity that can be repaired in order to be reused, the task is more complicated because each unit should have more control than is being used today . The OFF units have the problem when being requested by buyers who are in SCL (personal charge of the supply of materials in external MRO), since when are requested these units, the responsible persons in the various MRO can not locate the material quickly and effectively, which ultimately leads to delays with different suppliers where the unit must be returned. For this, is that a plan of action with this type of material is implemented through reverse logistics, which aims to standardize processes, detecting responsible in each of the sectors for which the material passes, until finally return where applicable. After having identified the processes that should move these units were to implement improved processes, which eventually can return the unit OFF much more efficiently, thereby meeting the deadlines that are under contract with different providers with which LATAM account. This process improvement is identified as the VIRTUAL GREEN ZONE. The materials at the time of the return pass through different sectors which are identified either by the PN and SN and thus know who is responsible and be clear about what to do with this type of material. What specifically does the GREEN ZONE, which is a party to the current process, ie under what conditions is the material, take photos to be clear how you are returning the unit and assign to who should be targeted. This type of procedure is done in SCL or subsidiaries LATAM, so from the MRO must reach the material subsidiaries, be entered per catch, and finally arriving to GREEN ZONE where the above procedure does. What is sought with this VIRTUAL GREEN ZONE is that from the same MRO can do these procedures and so sent directly to the provider the appropriate material form. This is accomplished by assigning responsibility to the buyer who is in SCL, he will be able to communicate with officials in the various MRO so they can send any photographs, so the buyer will have the ability to attach photos by system and give instructions delivery with the appropriate documentation to the supplier indicated. This prevents units that pass through SCL OFF then sent to the appropriate places. We're talking about a week before delivery of materials. With this type of reverse logistics procedures we streamline processes return materials suppliers, saving significant costs in terms of LATE FEE (penalty for late delivery days material) and outright (total cost of the unit not being delivered within the deadlines set by contract), it is estimated that approximately achieved generate savings of 57% in component costs. Besides generating a much more efficient chain where would clear the heads of each process and thus attack the problem, if so, much more efficiently. Finally manages to establish processes for ON / OFF units, standardizing and identifying responsible in each part of the chain and generate improved processes to implement VIRTUAL GREEN ZONE which helps to expedite the delivery of materials to the right place , thereby generating significant savings for the company translates into big savings and better processes that help make LATAM in a much more efficient and responsible company with its suppliers, giving confidence to these to do business in future cases.
Every business, whether small or large, always seeking to improve their processes more efficiently. This is the case that has LATAM, specifically in the area of redelivery & Check External. This area is the need to generate processes for the supply of rotable materials for aircraft that are in external maintenance centers (MRO), these materials have two types of processes, the first are those that should supply from suppliers to different MRO, this material is known as oN. What is sought is to define under what conditions and who are responsible for each stage through which passes the unit from the time that is required, always trying to get them to cater for the most economical and fast as possible to the least you should the company in terms of costs and fluency. Being clear about these points is possible to detect each process by passing units, identifying how best to supply, under the appropriate costs and the corresponding speed to arrive in time units that are required in various service centers around the world . Forms vary when supply is higher check's when it comes to return check's maintenance. Supply forms vary as the first type of check is aircraft that remain in the company while the second type of check is aircraft leaving the company so the form of supply also changes as the materials sourcing from refunds longer fixed assets of LATAM. Therefore it is important to make clear under what sorts of ways to supply you can use each type of check. The other case is the OFF components, this material is moving down aircraft that are in maintenance and should be repaired because they are no longer serviceable for various reasons, such material does not go through a process of SCRAP (Dispose of the material) as it is specific units having the peculiarity that can be repaired in order to be reused, the task is more complicated because each unit should have more control than is being used today . The OFF units have the problem when being requested by buyers who are in SCL (personal charge of the supply of materials in external MRO), since when are requested these units, the responsible persons in the various MRO can not locate the material quickly and effectively, which ultimately leads to delays with different suppliers where the unit must be returned. For this, is that a plan of action with this type of material is implemented through reverse logistics, which aims to standardize processes, detecting responsible in each of the sectors for which the material passes, until finally return where applicable. After having identified the processes that should move these units were to implement improved processes, which eventually can return the unit OFF much more efficiently, thereby meeting the deadlines that are under contract with different providers with which LATAM account. This process improvement is identified as the VIRTUAL GREEN ZONE. The materials at the time of the return pass through different sectors which are identified either by the PN and SN and thus know who is responsible and be clear about what to do with this type of material. What specifically does the GREEN ZONE, which is a party to the current process, ie under what conditions is the material, take photos to be clear how you are returning the unit and assign to who should be targeted. This type of procedure is done in SCL or subsidiaries LATAM, so from the MRO must reach the material subsidiaries, be entered per catch, and finally arriving to GREEN ZONE where the above procedure does. What is sought with this VIRTUAL GREEN ZONE is that from the same MRO can do these procedures and so sent directly to the provider the appropriate material form. This is accomplished by assigning responsibility to the buyer who is in SCL, he will be able to communicate with officials in the various MRO so they can send any photographs, so the buyer will have the ability to attach photos by system and give instructions delivery with the appropriate documentation to the supplier indicated. This prevents units that pass through SCL OFF then sent to the appropriate places. We're talking about a week before delivery of materials. With this type of reverse logistics procedures we streamline processes return materials suppliers, saving significant costs in terms of LATE FEE (penalty for late delivery days material) and outright (total cost of the unit not being delivered within the deadlines set by contract), it is estimated that approximately achieved generate savings of 57% in component costs. Besides generating a much more efficient chain where would clear the heads of each process and thus attack the problem, if so, much more efficiently. Finally manages to establish processes for ON / OFF units, standardizing and identifying responsible in each part of the chain and generate improved processes to implement VIRTUAL GREEN ZONE which helps to expedite the delivery of materials to the right place , thereby generating significant savings for the company translates into big savings and better processes that help make LATAM in a much more efficient and responsible company with its suppliers, giving confidence to these to do business in future cases.
Description
Keywords
LATAM, Proceso de logística, Centro de mantenimiento, Unidades rotables
