Thesis DISEÑO, CONSTRUCCIÓN E IMPLEMENTACIÓN DE UN SISTEMA CRIOGÉNICO PARA LA PRODUCCIÓN DE UN BLANCO DE AMONIACO
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Date
2018
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Program
Campus
Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María UTFSM. Casa Central Valparaíso
Abstract
El Trabajo de titulación surge de un proyecto de colaboración entre el Centro Científico Tecnológico de Valparaíso (CCTVal), institución autónoma de la Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María (UTFSM) y el Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Laboratory (JLab-Virginia EEUU). Dicha colaboración se enmarca dentro del contexto de la Física Teórica de Partículas y la Física Experimental de Alta Energía, cuyos experimentos son llevados a cabo en las instalaciones del JLab, el cual alberga un acelerador de partículas denominado “Continous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility” (instalación continua de un haz de electrones acelerado) (CEBAF).El proyecto de colaboración entre el CCTVal y el JLab, es un proyecto Anillo financiado por CONICTY, con una duración de 4 años a partir de comienzos del 2015 hasta finalizado el 2018, cuya denominación en sigla es ACT-1413. Dentro del ACT-1413 existen varios subproyectos, de los cuales es en el denominado “Nuclear Spin-Polarized Target Technology Development” (desarrollo de tecnología para un blanco polarizado), en el que se ha de realizar el trabajo de memoria presente. El subproyecto del ACT-1413, se enmarca en el experimento de colisión de un blanco de amoniaco sólido a partir de un haz de electrones llevado a cabo en el JLab.En términos globales, se desea conocer más acerca de la naturaleza de un protón y de cómo este varía su comportamiento al encontrarse dentro de un núcleo atómico, interactuando con otros protones y neutrones. Una estrategia experimental para validar hipótesis y descartar casos, es desarrollar distintas configuraciones para los experimentos, que ayuden a establecer comparaciones entre sí, pudiendo generar conocimiento. En general, dichos casos pueden separarse en tres, el primero de ellos corresponde al caso del estudio sobre el comportamiento del protón bombardeado por un haz de electrones, sin interacción con neutrones u otros protones en el núcleo atómico (siendo el caso del átomo de Hidrogeno-H, conformado únicamente por un protón y un electrón). Luego, el siguiente caso corresponde a un protón dentro de un núcleo que contenga un neutrón (siendo el caso del Deuterio-H+) y por último el caso cuando se bombardea un neutrón que interactúa con otros protones y/o neutrones dentro de un núcleo atómico (siendo el caso del Amoniaco-NH3 entre otros). El experimento en el JLab que se llevará a cabo, corresponde al 3er caso de estudio en física de partículas mencionado recientemente.Los objetivos principales de la colaboración del ACT-1413: “Nuclear Spin-Polarized Target Technology Development”, que presenten una contribución científica-tecnológica importante en el contexto del uso de un blanco polarizado de amoniaco para la Física Experimental de Alta Energía, es obtener un blanco sólido en el que se logre mantener un campo de temperaturas homogéneo durante el transcurso del experimento llevado a cabo en JLab, puesto que a menor temperatura, disminuye la energía interna de las partículas favoreciendo la polarización de estas. Para lo anterior se han establecido 2 estrategias de trabajo complementarias, estas estrategias son las siguientes:1. Diseño de un blanco de amoniaco cuya geometría actúe como intercambiador de calor, de modo de optimizar la transferencia de calor entre el blanco sólido y el líquido refrigerante utilizado para la muestra.2. Controlar la estructura cristalina del sólido de amoniaco, con el objeto de mejorar las propiedades térmicas del cristal que intervienen en la transferencia de calor.Cabe destacar, que el primer punto, es un hito importante que constituye una innovación científico-tecnológica, puesto que no se ha llevado a cabo, por ningún centro y/o laboratorio en el mundo. El trabajo de memoria apunta al diseño, construcción e implementación de un sistema capaz de producir un blanco sólido de amoniaco, que cumpla con los requerimientos establecidos para el ACT-1413.
The titling work arises from a collaboration project between the Technological Scientific Center of Valparaíso (CCTVal), an autonomous institution of the Federico Santa María Technical University (UTFSM) and the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Laboratory (JLab-Virginia USA). This collaboration is framed within the context of Particle Theoretical Physics and High Energy Experimental Physics, whose experiments are carried out in the facilities of the JLab, which houses a particle accelerator called "Continous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility" (CEBAF ).The collaboration project between CCTVal and JLab, is a Ring project funded by CONICTY, with a duration of 4 years from the beginning of 2015 until the end of 2018, whose name in acronym is ACT-1413. Within the ACT-1413 there are several subprojects, of which it is in the so-called "Nuclear Spin-Polarized Target Technology Development" (development of technology for a polarized target), in which the present memory work has to be performed. The subproject of ACT-1413, is framed in the collision experiment of a solid ammonia target from an electron beam carried out in the JLab.In global terms, we want to know more about the nature of a proton and how it varies its behavior to be within an atomic nucleus, interacting with other protons and neutrons. An experimental strategy to validate hypotheses and discard cases, is to develop different configurations for the experiments, which help to establish comparisons among themselves, being able to generate knowledge. In general, these cases can be separated into three, the first of which corresponds to the case of the study on the behavior of the proton bombarded by an electron beam, without interaction with neutrons or other protons in the atomic nucleus (being the case of the Hydrogen atom -H, consisting only of one proton and one electron). Then, the next case corresponds to a proton inside a nucleus that contains a neutron (being the case of Deuterium-H +) and finally the case when a neutron is bombarded that interacts with other protons and / or neutrons within a atomic nucleus (being the case of Ammonia-NH3 among others). The experiment in the JLab that will be carried out corresponds to the 3rd case study in particle physics mentioned recently.The main objectives of the ACT-1413 collaboration: "Nuclear Spin-Polarized Target Technology Development", which present an important scientific-technological contribution in the context of the use of a polarized ammonia target for High Energy Experimental Physics, is to obtain a solid white in which it is possible to maintain a homogeneous temperature field during the course of the experiment carried out in JLab, since at a lower temperature, the internal energy of the particles decreases favoring the polarization of these. For the above, 2 complementary work strategies have been established, these strategies are the following:1. Design of an ammonia target whose geometry acts as a heat exchanger, in order to optimize the heat transfer between the solid target and the coolant used for the sample.2. Control the crystalline structure of the ammonia solid, in order to improve the thermal properties of the crystal that intervene in the heat transfer.It should be noted that the first point is an important milestone that constitutes a scientific-technological innovation, since it has not been carried out by any center and / or laboratory in the world. The memory work aims at the design, construction and implementation of a system capable of producing a solid target of ammonia, which meets the requirements established for ACT-1413.
The titling work arises from a collaboration project between the Technological Scientific Center of Valparaíso (CCTVal), an autonomous institution of the Federico Santa María Technical University (UTFSM) and the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Laboratory (JLab-Virginia USA). This collaboration is framed within the context of Particle Theoretical Physics and High Energy Experimental Physics, whose experiments are carried out in the facilities of the JLab, which houses a particle accelerator called "Continous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility" (CEBAF ).The collaboration project between CCTVal and JLab, is a Ring project funded by CONICTY, with a duration of 4 years from the beginning of 2015 until the end of 2018, whose name in acronym is ACT-1413. Within the ACT-1413 there are several subprojects, of which it is in the so-called "Nuclear Spin-Polarized Target Technology Development" (development of technology for a polarized target), in which the present memory work has to be performed. The subproject of ACT-1413, is framed in the collision experiment of a solid ammonia target from an electron beam carried out in the JLab.In global terms, we want to know more about the nature of a proton and how it varies its behavior to be within an atomic nucleus, interacting with other protons and neutrons. An experimental strategy to validate hypotheses and discard cases, is to develop different configurations for the experiments, which help to establish comparisons among themselves, being able to generate knowledge. In general, these cases can be separated into three, the first of which corresponds to the case of the study on the behavior of the proton bombarded by an electron beam, without interaction with neutrons or other protons in the atomic nucleus (being the case of the Hydrogen atom -H, consisting only of one proton and one electron). Then, the next case corresponds to a proton inside a nucleus that contains a neutron (being the case of Deuterium-H +) and finally the case when a neutron is bombarded that interacts with other protons and / or neutrons within a atomic nucleus (being the case of Ammonia-NH3 among others). The experiment in the JLab that will be carried out corresponds to the 3rd case study in particle physics mentioned recently.The main objectives of the ACT-1413 collaboration: "Nuclear Spin-Polarized Target Technology Development", which present an important scientific-technological contribution in the context of the use of a polarized ammonia target for High Energy Experimental Physics, is to obtain a solid white in which it is possible to maintain a homogeneous temperature field during the course of the experiment carried out in JLab, since at a lower temperature, the internal energy of the particles decreases favoring the polarization of these. For the above, 2 complementary work strategies have been established, these strategies are the following:1. Design of an ammonia target whose geometry acts as a heat exchanger, in order to optimize the heat transfer between the solid target and the coolant used for the sample.2. Control the crystalline structure of the ammonia solid, in order to improve the thermal properties of the crystal that intervene in the heat transfer.It should be noted that the first point is an important milestone that constitutes a scientific-technological innovation, since it has not been carried out by any center and / or laboratory in the world. The memory work aims at the design, construction and implementation of a system capable of producing a solid target of ammonia, which meets the requirements established for ACT-1413.
Description
Catalogado desde la version PDF de la tesis.
Keywords
BLANCO DE AMONIACO, LIQUIDO CRIOGENICO, TARGET POLARIZADO