Thesis Estudio energético para la mejora de la calificación energética en viviendas sociales. Caso aplicado: Proyecto San Valentin Andacollo.
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Date
2018-08-19
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Program
Ingeniería Civil Industrial
Departament
Campus
Campus Santiago Vitacura
Abstract
En las últimas décadas ha aumentado los problemas relacionados al cambio climático, aumentando el valor de la energía y creando condiciones climáticas adversas. Es por esto por lo que es necesario que las viviendas se encuentren preparadas para afrontar dichos cambios, es decir cumplan con un estándar mínimo de eficiencia energética, dicha calificación en Chile es de carácter voluntario.
Es por lo anterior, que la presente memoria tiene como objetivo principal estudiar la calificación energética de un proyecto de viviendas sociales ubicado en la comuna de Andacollo. Entender sus principales parámetros y crear propuestas de mejoras para la optimización de estos.
Para esto se calificarán energéticamente los diferentes modelos de viviendas y se compararán los distintos resultados entre ellas. Se establecerá si cumplen con la actual normativa chilena y se establecerán medidas para que cumplan con la misma. Además, se seleccionará la vivienda peor evaluada y se establecerán una serie de mejoras para aumentar su calificación, se corroborará que dicha solución se económicamente rentable.
Como resultado se obtuvo que todos los modelos de viviendas cumplen con el estándar general establecido en el Artículo 4.1.10 de la OGUC, sin embargo, al estudiar el detalle cada elemento se observa que ninguna cumple con el estándar establecido para el techo y que las viviendas A y B, no cumplen tampoco con la normativa para piso ventilado.
Se obtuvo además que la vivienda peor evaluada correspondía a la vivienda B, con solo un 13,6% respecto a la vivienda de referencia en la calificación de arquitectura, equipos y tipos de energía. Sus principales falencias en términos de la envolvente fueron los muros, infiltraciones y ventanas.
Las propuestas consistieron en cuatro medidas. En el caso de los muros de albañilería se sugiere adherir una capa de Poligyp, en el caso del muro de tabiquería se decide mejorar la transmitancia térmica reemplazando el papel Kraft por un papel Kraft que lleva incorporada una capa de lana de vidrio. Para mejorar las infiltraciones se sugiere una revisión e incorporación de sellos en las puertas y ventanas. Finalmente, como última medida se propone instalar una doble ventana, es decir agregar a la ventana ya existente otro vidrio, ya sea al interior o exterior. Los resultados obtenidos se ven reflejados en la Tabla 9.2 a continuación:
Se logra obtener un ahorro en requerimiento de energía igual a 46,7 [KWh=m2año] . Se observa que el ahorro obtenido corresponde principalmente a ACS y calefacción. Junto a lo anterior se realiza una evaluación económica de las propuestas de mejoras.
Como resultado se la evaluación económica se obtiene un VAN de igual a $534.200 y un TIR igual a 38 .. Se estima que el retorno de la inversión se realiza a los 3 años.
Como conclusión se establece que la vivienda peor evaluada corresponde al modelo de vivienda B y que se pierde más porcentaje de energía en muros, infiltraciones y ventanas.
Se concluye además que con una inversión de $461.630 , se puede obtener un ahorro de $173.591 beneficiando a los propietarios de las viviendas. Finalmente se observa que falta fiscalización respecto a la actual normativa térmica.
During the last decades climate change has developed new climate conditions which have make the Price of the energy to increase considerably. Due to this phenomenon it is important that the buildings must be prepared in order to face the best way possible these significant changes. Therefore the energetic e_ciency standard is so important to be implemented, since it allows people to understand if the building they are living in complies with the demands of the current legislation. This thesis main objective is to study the energy qualification of a social building project located in the town of Andacollo, region of Coquimbo, Chile. It intends to understand the main parameters and to develop suggestions in order to increase the qualification result. Two di_erent house models will be evaluated, and their results will be compared amongst them. Apart from establishing if they comply with the current standard, the lowest qualified building Will be analyzed, and a set of improvement suggestions Will be made in terms of energetic e_ciency. The results showed that both houses were complying with the lowest grade, however when each energetic component of the house is analyzed separately, it seems that none of them complies with the standard given for the roof and the floor. Overall, the house with the lowest evaluation is the house B which has only 13,6% of e_ciency compared to the reference building. The main aspects that a_ect the result were the walls, infiltrations and Windows. In order to improve the qualifications of house B, four proposals of improvement where made. Regarding the external walls, it is suggested to incorporate a layer of Poligyp which Will improve isolation. For the internal walls, it was necessary to improve the thermic transmission, for which the normal Kraft paper was replaced with a special one that has a thin layer of glass wool. To improve the infiltrations, it is suggested to incorporate rubber seals in doors and Windows. Finally, it is suggested to install double glass Windows which will increase the isolation. The results obtained after implementing these suggestions can be seen in 9.2. The results show that it was possible to achieve an energetic e_ciency like 46,7 [KWh=m2año] . The main reductions were made in SHW and heating. These reductions of energy consumption can be translated to an economic evaluation to clarify if it is profitable to implement the suggested changes. As a result of the economic evaluation a total NPV of $534.200and an IRR of 38 %, while the payback would be in 3 years. Based in these results it can be concluded that the house B can reach a better qualification by implementing the suggested proposals. In addition, it was shown that with a small increase in the investment, significant energy savings can be reached delivering benefits for the owners of those properties.
During the last decades climate change has developed new climate conditions which have make the Price of the energy to increase considerably. Due to this phenomenon it is important that the buildings must be prepared in order to face the best way possible these significant changes. Therefore the energetic e_ciency standard is so important to be implemented, since it allows people to understand if the building they are living in complies with the demands of the current legislation. This thesis main objective is to study the energy qualification of a social building project located in the town of Andacollo, region of Coquimbo, Chile. It intends to understand the main parameters and to develop suggestions in order to increase the qualification result. Two di_erent house models will be evaluated, and their results will be compared amongst them. Apart from establishing if they comply with the current standard, the lowest qualified building Will be analyzed, and a set of improvement suggestions Will be made in terms of energetic e_ciency. The results showed that both houses were complying with the lowest grade, however when each energetic component of the house is analyzed separately, it seems that none of them complies with the standard given for the roof and the floor. Overall, the house with the lowest evaluation is the house B which has only 13,6% of e_ciency compared to the reference building. The main aspects that a_ect the result were the walls, infiltrations and Windows. In order to improve the qualifications of house B, four proposals of improvement where made. Regarding the external walls, it is suggested to incorporate a layer of Poligyp which Will improve isolation. For the internal walls, it was necessary to improve the thermic transmission, for which the normal Kraft paper was replaced with a special one that has a thin layer of glass wool. To improve the infiltrations, it is suggested to incorporate rubber seals in doors and Windows. Finally, it is suggested to install double glass Windows which will increase the isolation. The results obtained after implementing these suggestions can be seen in 9.2. The results show that it was possible to achieve an energetic e_ciency like 46,7 [KWh=m2año] . The main reductions were made in SHW and heating. These reductions of energy consumption can be translated to an economic evaluation to clarify if it is profitable to implement the suggested changes. As a result of the economic evaluation a total NPV of $534.200and an IRR of 38 %, while the payback would be in 3 years. Based in these results it can be concluded that the house B can reach a better qualification by implementing the suggested proposals. In addition, it was shown that with a small increase in the investment, significant energy savings can be reached delivering benefits for the owners of those properties.
Description
Keywords
Eficiencia energética, Vviendas sociales, Evaluación económica, Materiales de contruscción, Ahorro de energía, Política energética nacional