Thesis APLICACIÓN Y ANÁLISIS NO LINEAL USANDO ELEMENTOS SHELL PARA CARACTERIZAR EL COMPORTAMIENTO DE MUROS DE HORMIGÓN ARMADO
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Date
2017
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
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Campus
Campus San Joaquín, Santiago
Abstract
El 27 de Febrero de 2010 ocurrió un sismo de magnitud 8.8 en la región del Maule, Chile. A pesar del buen desempeño observado en las construcciones chilenas, un buen número de estructuras de mediana y gran altura de hormigón armado presentaron daños severos que requirieron reparación e incluso algunas debieron ser demolidas. El daño observado se concentró principalmente en muros estructurales, evidenciándose fallas por aplastamiento del hormigón, pandeo y/o fractura del refuerzo longitudinal en los elementos de borde, grandes deformaciones fuera del plano, daños en vigas de acople y daño concentrado en las discontinuidades de muros bandera o muros con aberturas. Dado que algunos de estos patrones de fallas no habían sido observados en eventos sísmicos previos, se plantea el uso de herramientas analíticas que permitan representar adecuadamente el comportamiento de muros de hormigón armado usando modelos existentes en la literatura, con la finalidad de investigar estos tipos de falla observados en las edificaciones chilenas. En particular, se utilizan elementos ‘Shell’ multi-capa los cuales simplifican el comportamiento tridimensional no-lineal del muro mediante la discretización de la sección en capas equivalentes. Los esfuerzos son calculados según el modelo constitutivo de la capa correspondiente. Se ha probado que estos elementos ‘Shell’ son adecuados para capturar esfuerzos en el plano, fuera del plano y el acoplamiento de corte-momento en muros de hormigón armado. Para lo anterior, se usa OpenSees como herramienta de análisis estructural. La memoria comienza con una descripción básica del programa OpenSees, de las adecuaciones requeridas para llevar a cabo el presente trabajo y de los resultados de análisis de casos para verificar el funcionamiento del programa. Se realizaron análisis del tipo estático no-lineal (cíclico) a muros rectangulares de hormigón armado sometidos a distintos niveles de carga axial. Se obtuvieron parámetros de interés, tales como deformación unitaria del hormigón y acero con el objetivo de obtener una estimación del desempeño de los muros. Los resultados obtenidos del análisis son comparados con datos empíricos de ensayos cíclicos disponibles en la base de datos “ACI445B Structural Wall Database” en el sitio web de NEEShub (Network for Earthquake Engineering Simulation). Se realiza un análisis de sensibilidad a los parámetros más influyentes del modelo. Debido a la similitud de los resultados analíticos obtenidos respecto a los valores empíricos, se propone el uso de estos elementos para representar y caracterizar el comportamiento local y global de muros de hormigón armado.
On 27th February 2010, an earthquake of magnitude 8.8 takes place in the region of Maule, Chile. Despite the good performance observed in the Chilean buildings, a number of medium and high rise reinforced concrete structures showed severe damage requiring repair and even some had to be demolished. The observed damage was mainly concentrated in structural walls, showing failure by crushing of the concrete, buckling and/or fracture of longitudinal reinforcement in the boundary elements, large deformation out of the plane, damage coupling beams and concentrated damage discontinuities walls flag or walls with openings. Since some of these patterns of failure had not been observed in previous seismic events, the use of analytical tools that adequately represent the behavior of reinforced concrete walls using existing models in the literature, in order to investigate these types of failures observed in Chilean buildings. In particular, multi-layer ´shell´ elements which simplify the three-dimensional nonlinear behavior by discretizing wall section in equivalent layers are used. Stresses are calculated according to the constitutive model of the corresponding layer. It has been proven that these 'Shell' elements are suitable for capturing stresses in/out of plane and the coupling shear-moment behavior of reinforced concrete walls. For this purpose, OpenSees is used as a tool for structural analysis. The report begins with a basic description of OpenSees software, the adjustments required to carry out this work and a description of different analysis cases to verify the software performance. Non-linear static analysis (cyclic) to rectangular reinforced concrete walls subjected to different levels of axial load were applied. Parameters of interest, such as strain of concrete and steel were obtained in order to get an estimate of the performance of the walls. The results of the analysis were compared with empirical data from cyclic tests available in the database "ACI445B Structural Wall Database" on the website of NEEShub (Network for Earthquake Engineering Simulation). Sensitivity analysis of the most influential model parameters were performed. Due to the similarity of the analytical results obtained compared with the empirical values, the use of these elements are proposed to represent and characterize the local and global behavior of reinforced concrete walls.
On 27th February 2010, an earthquake of magnitude 8.8 takes place in the region of Maule, Chile. Despite the good performance observed in the Chilean buildings, a number of medium and high rise reinforced concrete structures showed severe damage requiring repair and even some had to be demolished. The observed damage was mainly concentrated in structural walls, showing failure by crushing of the concrete, buckling and/or fracture of longitudinal reinforcement in the boundary elements, large deformation out of the plane, damage coupling beams and concentrated damage discontinuities walls flag or walls with openings. Since some of these patterns of failure had not been observed in previous seismic events, the use of analytical tools that adequately represent the behavior of reinforced concrete walls using existing models in the literature, in order to investigate these types of failures observed in Chilean buildings. In particular, multi-layer ´shell´ elements which simplify the three-dimensional nonlinear behavior by discretizing wall section in equivalent layers are used. Stresses are calculated according to the constitutive model of the corresponding layer. It has been proven that these 'Shell' elements are suitable for capturing stresses in/out of plane and the coupling shear-moment behavior of reinforced concrete walls. For this purpose, OpenSees is used as a tool for structural analysis. The report begins with a basic description of OpenSees software, the adjustments required to carry out this work and a description of different analysis cases to verify the software performance. Non-linear static analysis (cyclic) to rectangular reinforced concrete walls subjected to different levels of axial load were applied. Parameters of interest, such as strain of concrete and steel were obtained in order to get an estimate of the performance of the walls. The results of the analysis were compared with empirical data from cyclic tests available in the database "ACI445B Structural Wall Database" on the website of NEEShub (Network for Earthquake Engineering Simulation). Sensitivity analysis of the most influential model parameters were performed. Due to the similarity of the analytical results obtained compared with the empirical values, the use of these elements are proposed to represent and characterize the local and global behavior of reinforced concrete walls.
Description
Catalogado desde la version PDF de la tesis.
Keywords
ANALISIS ESTRUCTURAL, ELEMENTOS SHELL MULTICAPA, HORMIGON ARMADO, OPENSEES