Publication: ESTIMACIÓN Y MEDICIÓN DE LA EROSIÓN EN PALAS DE UNA TURBINA HIDRÁULICA MEDIANTE SIMULACIONES COMPUTACIONALES
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Date
2023-06
Authors
BOZO NALLI, GONZALO FELIPE
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Abstract
El objetivo principal de esta memoria es realizar una estimación de la erosión en una turbina hidráulica del tipo Pelton mediante métodos computacionales. Para lograrlo, se estudió la teoría aplicada a la erosión en métodos computacionales y se consideraron los parámetros más importantes. Además, se analiza la herramienta para realizar estas simulaciones, OpenFoam 8, y sus respectivas librerías asociadas, principalmente (DPMFoam). Para ejecutar las simulaciones, se utiliza el método computacional de volúmenes finitos a través del software OpenFoam y con una discretización basada en el esquema lineal de Gauss. Por otro lado, el seguimiento de las partículas se logra mediante el método de descripción Euler-Lagrange con un acoplamiento del tipo one-way, y para obtener la erosión, se considera el modelo de Finnie. La selección de los métodos señalados fue aplicada en la validación y en la simulación principal. El primer paso que se llevó a cabo fue la validación, utilizando como referencia el estudio realizado por la University of Glasgow, que consiste en un experimento del tipo jet impingement, como el realizado por Gnanavelu, con un objetivo a distancias de 5 mm y 25 mm. El propósito de esta validación fue obtener la posición de las partículas al momento del impacto, la velocidad de impacto y el ángulo de impacto de las partículas. Los resultados de la validación fueron positivos, salvo algunas diferencias que se deben principalmente a actualizaciones de la librería DPMFoam. Después de lograr una validación exitosa, se llevó a cabo la simulación para encontrar la erosión en una turbina Pelton. Con el fin de poder comparar los resultados con una situación real, se utilizaron los parámetros de una experiencia realizada en India, donde se replicó a escala una turbina Pelton de una planta de energía ubicada en el Himalaya. Los resultados finales en términos de zonas de desgaste fueron positivos, ya que la simulación coincide con el experimento. Sin embargo, las mediciones realizadas en el experimento no se pueden replicar a la perfección debido a que son de una alta complejidad técnica y requieren de mayores recursos computacionales que los utilizados. Finalmente, se recomienda para futuros estudios considerar la deformación de la pala de la turbina, ya que influye significativamente en la erosión abrasiva que ocurre en los distintos materiales, y también realizar un estudio del fenómeno cuando se incorpora un revestimiento en la pala hidráulica.
The main objective of this work is to estimate erosion in a Pelton-type hydraulic turbine using computational methods. To achieve this, the theory applied to erosion in computational methods was studied, and the most important parameters were considered. In addition, the tools to carry out these simulations, such as OpenFoam 8 with its respective associated libraries (mainly DPMFoam), were also studied. To run the simulations, the computational method of finite volumes is used through the OpenFoam software, and a discretization based on the linear Gaussian scheme is applied. On the other hand, particle tracking is achieved using the Euler-Lagrange description method with one-way coupling. To obtain the erosion, the Finnie model is considered. The selection of the appropriate methods was applied in the validation and the main simulation. The first step that was executed was validation, using as a reference the study carried out by the University of Glasgow, which consists of a jet impingement-type experiment, similar to the one conducted by Gnanavelu, with targets at distances of 5 mm and 25 mm. The objective of this validation was to obtain the particle impact location, the particle velocity at impingement, and the impingement angles. The validation results were positive, except for some differences that are mainly due to updates in the DPMFoam library. After achieving successful validation, the simulation was carried out to find the erosion in a Pelton turbine. To compare the results with a real situation, the parameters of an experiment performed in India were used, where a Pelton turbine from a power plant located in the Himalayas was replicated to scale. The final results in terms of wear zones were positive, as the simulation matches the experiment. However, the measurements taken in the experiment cannot be replicated perfectly due to their high technical complexity and requiring greater computational resources than those used. Finally, it is recommended for future studies to consider the deformation of the turbine blade, as it greatly influences the abrasive erosion that occurs in different materials, and also to conduct a study of the phenomenon when a coating is incorporated into the hydraulic blade.
The main objective of this work is to estimate erosion in a Pelton-type hydraulic turbine using computational methods. To achieve this, the theory applied to erosion in computational methods was studied, and the most important parameters were considered. In addition, the tools to carry out these simulations, such as OpenFoam 8 with its respective associated libraries (mainly DPMFoam), were also studied. To run the simulations, the computational method of finite volumes is used through the OpenFoam software, and a discretization based on the linear Gaussian scheme is applied. On the other hand, particle tracking is achieved using the Euler-Lagrange description method with one-way coupling. To obtain the erosion, the Finnie model is considered. The selection of the appropriate methods was applied in the validation and the main simulation. The first step that was executed was validation, using as a reference the study carried out by the University of Glasgow, which consists of a jet impingement-type experiment, similar to the one conducted by Gnanavelu, with targets at distances of 5 mm and 25 mm. The objective of this validation was to obtain the particle impact location, the particle velocity at impingement, and the impingement angles. The validation results were positive, except for some differences that are mainly due to updates in the DPMFoam library. After achieving successful validation, the simulation was carried out to find the erosion in a Pelton turbine. To compare the results with a real situation, the parameters of an experiment performed in India were used, where a Pelton turbine from a power plant located in the Himalayas was replicated to scale. The final results in terms of wear zones were positive, as the simulation matches the experiment. However, the measurements taken in the experiment cannot be replicated perfectly due to their high technical complexity and requiring greater computational resources than those used. Finally, it is recommended for future studies to consider the deformation of the turbine blade, as it greatly influences the abrasive erosion that occurs in different materials, and also to conduct a study of the phenomenon when a coating is incorporated into the hydraulic blade.
Description
Keywords
HIDRÁULICA , MECÁNICA DE FRACTURA , RESISTENCIA DE MATERIALES , TURBINAS PELTON
