Publication: IMPORTANCIA ESTRATEGICA DEL CAPITAL HUMANO EN LA OPERACIÓN Y CONSTRUCCIÓN DE LOS PROYECTOS ESTRUCTURALES DE CODELCO
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Date
2013-01
Authors
LEWINSOHN CASTRO, JOSE LUIS
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Abstract
La Industria minera contempla inversiones del orden de MMUS$ 100.000 entre los años 2012 a
2020, de los cuales, la minería del cobre tiene una participación en torno a los MMUS$ 80.000,
y Codelco con MMUS$ 27.882, contenidos en proyectos menores y 3 megaproyectos
estructurales, dentro del mismo horizonte de tiempo. Esto significará un segundo gran aumento
de la producción nacional de cobre, que en términos porcentuales representaría un 57% de
incremento en el año 2020 respecto al año 2011. Como consecuencia, se está generando una
demanda relevante de capital humano para la minería.
En este estudio se identificó la existencia de un déficit de capital humano entre el periodo 2012-
2020, respecto a la oferta-demanda de trabajadores calificados para la construcción y operación
de los proyectos mineros, mediante la propuesta de un modelo que utiliza estimaciones de
demanda de trabajadores para la operación y construcción, una estimación de oferta de egresados
de enseñanza superior y un balance, entre oferta y demanda, el cual se complementa con un
análisis a la industria minera.
Las principales conclusiones fueron: se identifico un déficit para distintos cargos genéricos de la
minería. La región de Antofagasta tendrá el mayor impacto en relación al capital humano
demandado. El modelo utilizado para la estimación es una herramienta útil para obtener
tendencias de variables más específicas, las cuales al complementarse con el análisis de la
industria minera entrega una estimación plausible. La restricción en la oferta de capital humano
para la minería, se debe al bajo atractivo del rubro sobre los postulantes, los años requeridos en
formar competencias distintivas y la especialización que tienen gran parte de las actividades
profesionales y técnicas relacionadas a la minería, lo que no permite en el corto plazo generar
nuevos profesionales y técnicos con las competencias adecuadas. Se deben considerar en las
estrategias empresariales, medidas destinadas a generar ventajas competitivas en relación al
capital humano, en cuanto a la atracción, capacitación y retención, que como consecuencia
sustentarán la competitividad de CODELCO en los próximos años.
The mining industry contemplates investment of approximately US$100,000 million between 2012 to 2020, in which the copper mining has a participation of approximately US$ 80.000 million, and Codelco with US$ 27,882 million, contained in minor projects and 3 structural mega-projects, within the same timeframe. This means a second large increase of the national copper production, which percentage terms represents 57% increase in 2020 in comparison to 2011. Consequently, a relevant demand of human capital is being generated for the mining industry. In this study is identified the existence of a deficit of human capital between the period 2012- 2020, regarding the offer/demand of qualified employees for the construction and operation of the mining projects, through the proposal of a model that uses estimations of employee demand for the operation and construction, an estimation of the offer of high school graduates and a balance, between offer and demand, which is supplemented with an analysis of the mining industry. The main conclusions were: a deficit was identified for different generic positions of the mining industry. The region of Antofagasta will have the highest impact in relation to the demanded human capital. The model used for the estimation of a useful tool to obtain more specific trend variables, which supplementing it with the analysis of the mining industry provides a plausible estimation. The restriction in the offer of human capital for the mining industry, is due to the low appeal of the industry over the applicants, the years required in obtaining different competences and the specialization of most of the professional and technical activities related to the mining industry, which do not allow in the short term the generation of new professional and technicians with the adequate skills. Consider in the corporate strategies different measures to generate competitive advantages in relation to human capital, regarding appeal, training and retention, which as a consequence will sustain the competitiveness of CODELCO in the next years.
The mining industry contemplates investment of approximately US$100,000 million between 2012 to 2020, in which the copper mining has a participation of approximately US$ 80.000 million, and Codelco with US$ 27,882 million, contained in minor projects and 3 structural mega-projects, within the same timeframe. This means a second large increase of the national copper production, which percentage terms represents 57% increase in 2020 in comparison to 2011. Consequently, a relevant demand of human capital is being generated for the mining industry. In this study is identified the existence of a deficit of human capital between the period 2012- 2020, regarding the offer/demand of qualified employees for the construction and operation of the mining projects, through the proposal of a model that uses estimations of employee demand for the operation and construction, an estimation of the offer of high school graduates and a balance, between offer and demand, which is supplemented with an analysis of the mining industry. The main conclusions were: a deficit was identified for different generic positions of the mining industry. The region of Antofagasta will have the highest impact in relation to the demanded human capital. The model used for the estimation of a useful tool to obtain more specific trend variables, which supplementing it with the analysis of the mining industry provides a plausible estimation. The restriction in the offer of human capital for the mining industry, is due to the low appeal of the industry over the applicants, the years required in obtaining different competences and the specialization of most of the professional and technical activities related to the mining industry, which do not allow in the short term the generation of new professional and technicians with the adequate skills. Consider in the corporate strategies different measures to generate competitive advantages in relation to human capital, regarding appeal, training and retention, which as a consequence will sustain the competitiveness of CODELCO in the next years.
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ESTRATEGIA