Publication: ANÁLISIS DE APROBACIÓN DEL PROYECTO DE NORMA SECUNDARIA DE CALIDAD AMBIENTAL PARA LA PROTECCIÓN DE LAS AGUAS CONTINENTALES SUPERFICIALES DE LA CUENCA DEL RÍO ACONCAGUA
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Date
2019-11
Authors
ACEVEDO CALDERÓN, NATALIA JAVIERA
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Abstract
La Norma Secundaria de Calidad Ambiental (NSCA) para la Protección de las Aguas Continentales
Superficiales de la Cuenca del Río Aconcagua es un instrumento que pretende controlar parámetros de
calidad ambiental sobre el recurso hídrico. Se analiza la importancia de la implementación de una
norma secundaria para la región de Valparaíso, considerando que es una zona afectada por el cambio
climático y declarada zona de escasez hídrica.
Esta norma ha generado controversia durante el proceso de aprobación, ya que éste comenzó el año
2004 y finalizó con un anteproyecto publicado el año 2006, luego se planteó un segundo proyecto de
norma iniciado el año 2015 el cual continua hasta hoy. Los problemas existentes que han retrasado el
proceso están asociados a la mala gestión por parte de los servicios públicos pertinentes ya la gran
intervención por demanda productiva que tiene la cuenca del río Aconcagua ya que existen actividades
económicas muy diversas y lo impactan de distintas formas. Las principales actividades que se
desarrollan son minería, agricultura, servicios sanitarios, extracción de áridos e industrias químicas, los
impactos asociados a estas actividades son principalmente la descarga de RILES y la extracción directa
de agua del río Aconcagua.
La aprobación de una norma secundaria de calidad ambiental para un recurso hídrico implica un costo
importante para las empresas que desarrollan actividades económicas con dicho recurso, ya que deben
implementar medidas principalmente de calidad para su cumplimiento. En este sentido es importante
mencionar los costos que han significado para el Estado, implementar la norma, los cuales bordean los
$150.000.000 los cuales solo corresponden al gasto en horas hombre y estudios realizados, los costos
de monitoreo posterior a la aprobación de la norma bordean los $3.400.000 al año.
Finalmente se concluye que la aprobación de la NSCA para el río Aconcagua es necesaria pero debido
al cambio en las condiciones climáticas (expresada en una aguda escasez hídrica)y la creciente
actividad económica de la cuenca es necesario que se reevalúen cada 5 años los límites de
concentraciones máximos en los parámetros que pueden causar contaminación al río.
La NSCA para el río Aconcagua no pretende solucionar los problemas hídricos de la región de
Valparaíso, ya que el estado debe tomar las medidas pertinentes y realizar las modificaciones
adecuadas, como por ejemplo la modificación al Código de Aguas creado el año 1981 y comenzar a
normar sobre el cultivo de especies tropicales introducidas.
The Secondary Environmental Quality Standard (NSCA) for the Protection of Continental Surface Waters of the Aconcagua River Basin is an instrument that aims to control environmental quality parameters on the water resource. The importance of the implementation of a secondary policy for the Valparaíso region is analyzed, considering that it is an area affected by climate change and declared a zone of water scarcity. This policy has generated controversy during the approval process, since it began in 2004 and ended with a preliminary draft published in 2006, then a second draft of the norm initiated in 2015 was proposed, which continues until today. The existing problems that have delayed the process are associated with the mismanagement of the relevant public services and the large intervention due to productive demand that the Aconcagua river basin has since there are very diverse economic activities and they impact it in different ways. The main activities are developed are mining, agriculture, sanitary services, aggregate extraction and chemical industries, the impacts associated with these activities are mainly the discharge of liquid industrial waste and the direct extraction of water from the Aconcagua River. The approval of a secondary environmental quality norm for a water resource implies an important cost for companies that carry out economic activities with said resource as they must implement principally quality measures for compliance. In this sense it is important to mention the costs for the State necessary to implement the norm, that are around $ 150,000,000 which correspond only to the expenses in man hours and studies carried out.The costs of monitoring after the approval of the norm are around $ 3,400,000 a year. Finally, it is concluded that the approval of the NSCA for the Aconcagua River is necessary but due to the change in climatic conditions (expressed in severe water scarcity) and the increasing economic activity at the basin themaximum concentrations of the parameters that can cause contamination in the river need to be re-evaluated every five years. The NSCA for the Aconcagua River does not intend to solve the water problems of the Valparaíso region, since the state must take appropriate measures and make appropriate modifications, such as the modification to the Water Code created in 1981 and start regulatingthe cultivation of introduced tropical species.
The Secondary Environmental Quality Standard (NSCA) for the Protection of Continental Surface Waters of the Aconcagua River Basin is an instrument that aims to control environmental quality parameters on the water resource. The importance of the implementation of a secondary policy for the Valparaíso region is analyzed, considering that it is an area affected by climate change and declared a zone of water scarcity. This policy has generated controversy during the approval process, since it began in 2004 and ended with a preliminary draft published in 2006, then a second draft of the norm initiated in 2015 was proposed, which continues until today. The existing problems that have delayed the process are associated with the mismanagement of the relevant public services and the large intervention due to productive demand that the Aconcagua river basin has since there are very diverse economic activities and they impact it in different ways. The main activities are developed are mining, agriculture, sanitary services, aggregate extraction and chemical industries, the impacts associated with these activities are mainly the discharge of liquid industrial waste and the direct extraction of water from the Aconcagua River. The approval of a secondary environmental quality norm for a water resource implies an important cost for companies that carry out economic activities with said resource as they must implement principally quality measures for compliance. In this sense it is important to mention the costs for the State necessary to implement the norm, that are around $ 150,000,000 which correspond only to the expenses in man hours and studies carried out.The costs of monitoring after the approval of the norm are around $ 3,400,000 a year. Finally, it is concluded that the approval of the NSCA for the Aconcagua River is necessary but due to the change in climatic conditions (expressed in severe water scarcity) and the increasing economic activity at the basin themaximum concentrations of the parameters that can cause contamination in the river need to be re-evaluated every five years. The NSCA for the Aconcagua River does not intend to solve the water problems of the Valparaíso region, since the state must take appropriate measures and make appropriate modifications, such as the modification to the Water Code created in 1981 and start regulatingthe cultivation of introduced tropical species.
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Keywords
NORMA , ACONCAGUA , RÍO , CALIDAD