Publication: MODELO DE LA DISTRIBUCIÓN TEMPORAL Y ESPACIAL DE LA GENERACIÓN DE CALOR POR TRÁFICO VEHICULAR EN LA ZONA URBANA DE LA REGIÓN METROPOLITANA DE SANTIAGO
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Date
2020-01
Authors
ROJAS VALENZUELA, GABRIELA ANDREA
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Abstract
La urbanización tiene efectos sobre el clima, especialmente en el campo térmico, esto se ve reflejado el cambio del clima mediante la aparición de islas de calor urbanas. Dentro de las causas de este fenómeno se encuentra el aporte de calor antropogénico, en particular en el presente trabajo se propone determinar la distribución espacial y temporal de la generación de calor por tráfico vehicular en las zonas urbanas de Santiago.
Para lograr el objetivo principal de este trabajo se establecieron una serie de variables que describen de manera consistente el transporte en el área estudiada. Este modelo de cálculo de flujo de calor incorpora un modelo de transporte, que, en conjunto a la energía media liberada por vehículo, largo de las rutas y área permite determinar cuantitativamente el flujo de calor generado por tráfico vehicular. Se utiliza como herramienta el Sistema de Información Geográfico de código libre QGIS el cual permite visualizar y crear datos mediante su exportación componer mapas. De esta manera obtener una representación visual espacial y temporal.
Los resultados de este trabajo están relacionados con el procesamiento de datos para la descripción del transporte en la zona de estudio y la generación de un modelo que representa espacial y temporalmente el comportamiento del flujo de calor generado por el transporte. A partir de los resultados se concluye que el flujo de calor promedio diario es de 10,85 [W/m2]. La que la categoría de vehículos livianos es la que más aporta a la generación de calor. La distribución espacial no es homogénea, el máximo térmico global es de 111,6 [W/m2] y concentra sus máximos locales en la zona centro, poniente y norte. La distribución temporal es descrita mediante el perfil horario, que se comporta de manera similar de lunes a jueves donde se alcanza un máximo local a las 9:00 y otro a las 17:00 y el flujo baja considerablemente los fines de semana
The urbanization has effects on the climate, especially in the thermal field, this is reflected in the climate change through the appearance of urban heat islands. Among the causes of this phenomenon is the contribution of anthropogenic heat. In this paper it is proposed to determine the spatial and temporal distribution of heat generation by vehicular traffic in urban areas of Santiago. To achieve the main objective of this work, a series of variables were established that consistently describe transport in the studied field. This heat flow calculation model incorporates a transport model, which, together with the average energy released per vehicle and the routes length and area, allows to determine quantitatively the heat flow generated by vehicular traffic. It is used as a tool the Geographical Information System of free code QGIS which allows to visualize and create data, and through its export, compose maps. In this way a spatial and temporal visual representation can be obtained. The results of this work are related to the data processing for the transport description in the studied area and the generation of a model that spatially and temporarily represents the behavior of the heat flow generated by the vehicular transport. From the results it is concluded that the average daily heat flow is 10.85 [W / m2]. The light vehicles category is the one that contributes most to the generation of heat. The spatial distribution is not homogeneous, the global maximum thermal is 111.6 [W / m2] and concentrates its local maximums in the central, western and northern areas of Santiago. The temporal distribution is described by the hourly profile, which behaves similarly from Monday to Thursday where a local maximum is reached at 9:00 and another at 17:00. The flow drops considerably on weekends
The urbanization has effects on the climate, especially in the thermal field, this is reflected in the climate change through the appearance of urban heat islands. Among the causes of this phenomenon is the contribution of anthropogenic heat. In this paper it is proposed to determine the spatial and temporal distribution of heat generation by vehicular traffic in urban areas of Santiago. To achieve the main objective of this work, a series of variables were established that consistently describe transport in the studied field. This heat flow calculation model incorporates a transport model, which, together with the average energy released per vehicle and the routes length and area, allows to determine quantitatively the heat flow generated by vehicular traffic. It is used as a tool the Geographical Information System of free code QGIS which allows to visualize and create data, and through its export, compose maps. In this way a spatial and temporal visual representation can be obtained. The results of this work are related to the data processing for the transport description in the studied area and the generation of a model that spatially and temporarily represents the behavior of the heat flow generated by the vehicular transport. From the results it is concluded that the average daily heat flow is 10.85 [W / m2]. The light vehicles category is the one that contributes most to the generation of heat. The spatial distribution is not homogeneous, the global maximum thermal is 111.6 [W / m2] and concentrates its local maximums in the central, western and northern areas of Santiago. The temporal distribution is described by the hourly profile, which behaves similarly from Monday to Thursday where a local maximum is reached at 9:00 and another at 17:00. The flow drops considerably on weekends
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Keywords
CALOR - TRANSMISIÓN , TRANSFERENCIA DE MASA - MODELOS MATEMATICOS , ADMINISTRACIÓN DE LA CALIDAD DEL AIRE -- SANTIAGO -- CHILE , TRANSPORTE
