Browsing by Author "Leyton Herrera, Natalia Elizabeth"
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Thesis ANÁLISIS DE LOS MECANISMOS DE COMPENSACIÓN SOCIO AMBIENTALES EXISTENTES EN PROYECTOS ENERGÉTICOS EN CHILE(2017) Leyton Herrera, Natalia Elizabeth; Departamento de Industrias; Mancilla Ayancán, Marco; Jara Tirapegui, WilfredoDevelopment of investment projects in Chile, today should consider greater participation and citizen empowerment that have marked the socio-environmental conflicts in the energy sector. Compatibilizing energy development and sustainable development at the local level requires incorporating social and cultural aspects into compensatory measures. A difference is made between socioenvironmental compensation and community associativity, while the first seeks to compensate environmental externalities incurred by the communities, the second seeks to establish agreements and share benefits.This thesis will provide a detailed description of the associative mechanisms in Chile for energy projects, making a review of the international the regulatory context and the experiences in other countries. This will allow establishing relevant variables that contribute to the decision making of private and public sector.The international rules in the area of community relations are mostly non-binding and are based on the protection of human rights, recognition of the interests of all parties, ethical behavior and the willingness to establish agreements. The binding instruments for Chile are related to indigenous peoples and the conditions for international financing of projects. At the national level, this subject has been addressed through the Environmental Law and citizen participation processes, which in practice do not play a major role in compensation measures. A significant advance is the Energy Policy that promotes inclusive mechanisms of associativity as part of the goals by 2035. The research shows a small number of experiences of associativity in energy projects in Chile, outside of the environmental evaluation process and therefore voluntary, although driven by social tension. The basis of the mechanism is the surrender of economic funds for community infrastructure, social development, productive development and education. The main objective pursued by companies in the social legitimacy of investments. International trends show even more comprehensive forms of relationship, where shared benefit is realized through the recognition of legal rights of communities, such as land rights, natural resources rights or profit sharing at the local level.Relevant aspects are identified for the mechanisms of associativity: incorporation of the value chain into social benefits, the active and committed participation of the parties in order to reach agreements, the role of the state as guarantors of the dialogue processes and finally the role of the company in the balanced distribution of resources across all community, the self-sustaining development of the community and the capacity to generate and share knowledge in this matter.
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